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首页> 外文学位 >Land-Cover and Land-Use Change in Human-Environment Systems: Understanding Complex Interactions among Policy and Management, Livelihoods, and Conservation.
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Land-Cover and Land-Use Change in Human-Environment Systems: Understanding Complex Interactions among Policy and Management, Livelihoods, and Conservation.

机译：人类环境系统中的土地覆盖和土地利用变化：了解政策与管理，生计和保护之间的复杂相互作用。

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摘要

Conservation challenges abound throughout the world and yet conservation priorities are typically sidelined in favor of economic incentives. This dissertation addresses the overall question of how conservation policy relates to connections between land and livelihoods. To address this question, I examine household land use and protected area (PA) policy goals, as mediated and informed by local management dynamics, household livelihood strategies and ecological knowledge. A satisfactory pursuit of this question requires an examination of how people weigh conservation and livelihood choices in settings of limited livelihood options. I examine land change, livelihoods, and environmental perception in the context of reforestation policy implementation in Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve (FNNR), China. I use a mixed methods approach to address the following three objectives at the landscape (objective 1) and household (objectives 2 and 3) scales: 1) Evaluate where and how forest change may have occurred in and around golden monkey habitat between 1996 and 2009. 2) Ascertain how (if at all) household-level socio-economic factors and crop damage explain variation in household-level reforestation. 3) Determine the extent (if at all) to which Sloped Land Conversion Program (SLCP) participation or other factors (land use, livelihood, demographics, conservation policy) relate to local perception of human impact on the environment. Methods integrate remote sensing, geographic information systems, landscape metrics, a semi-structured household survey, interviews with key village and reserve personnel, and logistic and ordered multinomial modeling.;Results indicate the reserve contains more connected forest cover than surrounding areas but also highlight areas of potential concern for conservation sustainability. Overall, the reserve appears to benefit from the support of local residents. However, results also raise questions about the efficacy of a major reforestation program, the Sloped Land Conversion Program (SLCP) and reveal areas of concern for reserve management. Specifically, evidence does not indicate success in achieving the dual SLCP program goals of reforestation and poverty alleviation. In addition, ethnic minorities appear to be increasingly enrolling land in the program with varying outcomes for coupled livelihood and monkey habitat sustainability. Some ethnic minorities, particularly the Tujia, are associated with higher household reforestation levels than the Han majority and Miao minority, and reforestation participation may be related to ethnic minority-majority and minority-minority inequality. The relative household-level allocation of reforestation species---mainly pine, fir, bamboo, and tea, also appears related to ethnicity. This has an implication for livelihoods since tea can be a lucrative crop while wild pig damage is more concentrated among bamboo reforestation types, affecting the potential positive impacts of reduced wild pig damage associated with reduced cropland. Finally, environmental awareness of local residents may be limited without direct experience with the golden monkey, or even negative when crops are damaged by wild pigs. In order to protect the golden monkey and forest resources for the future, policy recommendations include integrating the many disparate conservation policies FNNR implements, forging stronger communication between the reserve and local communities regarding the benefits of conservation, mitigating human-wildlife conflict, and championing more community education on human impacts on the local environment.
机译：世界各地的保护挑战无处不在，但保护优先事项通常被置于一边，以采取经济激励措施。本文探讨了保护政策如何与土地和生计之间的联系有关的总体问题。为了解决这个问题，我研究了家庭土地使用和保护区（PA）的政策目标，这些目标是由地方管理动态，家庭生计策略和生态知识介导并提供的。对这个问题的令人满意的追求需要研究人们在生计选择有限的情况下如何权衡保护和生计选择。我在中国梵净山国家级自然保护区（FNNR）实施造林政策的背景下，研究了土地变化，生计和环境感知。我使用混合方法来解决以下三个目标（景观（目标1）和家庭（目标2和3））：1）评估1996年至2009年之间金丝猴栖息地及其周围发生森林变化的地点和方式2）确定家庭水平的社会经济因素和农作物损害如何（如果有的话）解释家庭水平的植树造林的变化。 3）确定（如果有的话）坡地土地转化计划（SLCP）的参与程度或其他因素（土地使用，生计，人口统计学，保护政策）与当地对人类对环境影响的感知有关。方法整合了遥感，地理信息系统，景观指标，半结构化家庭调查，与主要村庄和保护区人员的访谈以及后勤和有序多项式建模。结果表明，保护区包含的连通森林覆盖率比周围地区还​​多，但要突出保护可持续性的潜在关注领域。总体而言，该保护区似乎受益于当地居民的支持。但是，结果也对主要的造林计划，坡地退耕计划（SLCP）的有效性提出了疑问，并揭示了保护区管理需要关注的领域。具体而言，没有证据表明成功实现了重新造林和扶贫的双重SLCP计划目标。此外，少数民族似乎越来越多地在该计划中注册土地，其生计和猴子栖息地可持续性相结合的结果各不相同。一些少数民族，特别是土家族，其家庭植树造林水平高于汉族和苗族，植树造林的参与可能与少数族裔和少数族裔不平等有关。植树造林物种（主要是松树，冷杉，竹子和茶树）在家庭一级的相对分配也似乎与种族有关。这对生计有影响，因为茶可以是一种有利可图的作物，而野猪的危害更多地集中在竹林改造类型中，从而影响了与耕地减少相关的野猪危害减少的潜在积极影响。最后，如果没有直接接触金丝猴的经验，当地居民的环保意识可能会受到限制，而当农作物受到野猪的损害时，甚至对环保意识就会产生负面影响。为了保护未来的金丝猴和森林资源，政策建议包括整合FNNR实施的许多不同的保护政策，在保护区和当地社区之间就保护的利益加强沟通，减轻人与野生动物的冲突，并倡导更多关于人类对当地环境影响的社区教育。

著录项

  • 作者

    Wandersee, Sarah Marie.;

  • 作者单位

    University of California, Santa Barbara.;

  • 授予单位 University of California, Santa Barbara.;
  • 学科 Geography.;Sustainability.;Environmental Management.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 200 p.
  • 总页数 200
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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