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首页> 外文学位 >Stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in cetaceans and in terrestrial herbivores as indicators of diet, movement and environment: Paleoceanographic, paleoclimatic and paleoecologic applications.
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Stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in cetaceans and in terrestrial herbivores as indicators of diet, movement and environment: Paleoceanographic, paleoclimatic and paleoecologic applications.

机译：鲸类和陆生食草动物中稳定的碳和氧同位素可作为饮食，运动和环境的指标：古海洋学，古气候和古生态学应用。

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摘要

Stable oxygen and carbon isotopic compositions of modern and fossil cetacean teeth and bones were analyzed to examine if and how they reflect the diet, habitat preference and migratory patterns of modern whales and to reconstruct the oxygen isotopic compositions of ancient ocean waters in the Mio-Pliocene. In addition, as a separate project, terrestrial mammal teeth and bone samples from Yushe Basin in North China were analyzed to examine long-term changes in diets and environments of mammals in the area over the past 6-7 million years to understand the development of C4 ecosystems in North China and the effects of Tibetan uplift on regional climate and ecosystems.;The oxygen isotopic compositions of phosphate (delta18Op) in teeth and bones from 5 different modern cetacean species including sperm whale, pygmy sperm whale, short-finned pilot whale, killer whale and Cuvier's beaked whale were analyzed. The delta18Op values range from 16.7‰ to 21.3‰, averaging 19.6+/-1.0‰ (n=89), for tooth samples, and from 15.5‰ to 19.7‰, with an average of 19.0+/-0.9‰(n=47), for ear bone samples. The new delta18Op data, along with data compiled from literature, were used in conjunction with modern ocean delta 18Osw data to examine the relationships between delta18Op and delta18Osw.;Stable carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of teeth and ear bones from 19 modern whales representing 4 different toothed whale species of the sperm whale, pygmy sperm whale, short-finned pilot whale and killer whale were analyzed. While tooth-delta13C values range from -8.2‰ to -12.7‰, averaging -10.5+/-1.2‰ (n=87), ear bone delta 13C values range from -9.9‰ to -11.8‰, averaging -10.7+/-0.6‰ (n=19). The delta13C and delta18O values are generally consistent with their known diets and habitats. Synchronous positive shifts in the delta13C chronological profiles of all teeth from short-finned pilot whales (G. macrorhynchus) from Florida might indicate a shift in diet and/or habitat from coastal areas to offshore areas and feeding on relatively high delta13C preys. Structural carbonate in bioapatite appears to be enriched in delta 13C by ~3‰ relative to collagen and by ~8‰ relative to muscles. This suggests a carbon isotopic offset of ~9‰ due to biochemical fractionation between structural carbonate in bioapatite and the diet. The delta 13C data reveal that the diet-delta13C values of killer whales were about -20--21‰, consistent with a fish-based diet. The diet-delta13C values of the sperm whale, short-finned pilot whale and pygmy sperm whale were ~ -18--19‰, in agreement with a diet consisting of both cephalopod and fish.;Stable carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of 310 enamel samples from a diverse group of herbivorous mammals including Equidae, Rhinocerotidae, Bovidae, Rodentia and Ochotonidae from Yushe Basin, North China were analyzed. The carbon isotope data show that C4 grasses have been an important component of horses' diets and of local ecosystems since ~6.5 Ma, confirming that the "late Miocene C4 expansion" occurred in North China as it did in Africa, Indian subcontinent and the Americas. This supports a global factor as a main driver of the late Miocene C4 expansion. The combined carbon and oxygen isotope data reveal major shifts in climate to drier and/or warmer conditions after ~5.8, ~4.1, ~3.3, and ~2.5 Ma, and significant shifts to relatively wetter and/or cooler conditions after ~6.4, ~5, ~3.5 Ma. The shifts to drier and/or warmer climate after ~5.8 Ma and ~2.5 Ma coincide with two major fauna turnover events. Intra-tooth delta13C and delta 18O values are negatively correlated within individual modern teeth and some fossil teeth, displaying the characteristic pattern of the summer monsoon regime and confirming the strong monsoon influence in the area since at least the early Pliocene. The data also suggest that the C4 abundance in the area has fluctuated over the past 6.5 Ma in response to changes in climate, with more C4 grasses during warmer and/or drier periods and a reduced C4 biomass at cooler and/or wetter times. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
机译：对现代鲸鱼和化石鲸类牙齿和骨骼的稳定氧和碳同位素组成进行了分析，以检查它们是否以及如何反映现代鲸鱼的饮食，栖息地偏好和迁徙方式，并重建上新世古代海域的氧同位素组成。此外，作为一个单独的项目，分析了来自华北榆社盆地的陆生哺乳动物牙齿和骨骼样本，以研究该地区过去6-7百万年来哺乳动物饮食和环境的长期变化，以了解其发展。中国北方的C4生态系统和藏族隆升对区域气候和生态系统的影响;;来自5种不同现代鲸类物种的牙齿和骨骼中的磷酸盐氧（delta18Op）同位素，包括抹香鲸，侏儒抹香鲸，短鳍领航鲸，虎鲸和居维叶喙鲸进行了分析。牙齿样本的delta18Op值范围为16.7‰至21.3‰，平均为19.6 +/- 1.0‰（n = 89），范围为15.5‰至19.7‰，平均为19.0 +/- 0.9‰（n = 47） ），用于耳骨样本。新的delta18Op数据以及根据文献汇编的数据与现代海洋delta18Osw数据结合使用，以检查delta18Op和delta18Osw之间的关系;来自19种现代鲸鱼的牙齿和耳骨的碳和氧同位素组成稳定，代表4种不同分析了抹香鲸，侏儒抹香鲸，短鳍领航鲸和虎鲸的齿鲸种类。牙齿delta13C值的范围为-8.2‰至-12.7‰，平均为-10.5 +/- 1.2‰（n = 87），而耳骨delta 13C值的范围为-9.9‰至-11.8‰，平均为-10.7 +/- 0.6‰（n = 19）。 delta13C和delta18O值通常与其已知的饮食和生境一致。来自佛罗里达的短翅鲸（G. macrorhynchus）的所有牙齿的delta13C时间分布上的正向同步变化可能表明饮食和/或栖息地从沿海地区向近海地区转移，并以相对较高的delta13C猎物为食。相对于胶原蛋白，生物磷灰石中的结构性碳酸盐似乎在δ13C中富集约3‰，相对于肌肉富集约8‰。这表明由于生物磷灰石中的结构性碳酸盐与饮食之间的生化分馏，碳同位素偏移约为9‰。三角洲13C数据显示，虎鲸的饮食三角洲13C值约为-20--21‰，与鱼基饮食一致。抹香鲸，短鳍领航鲸和侏儒抹香鲸的饮食δ13C值约为-18--19‰，与由头足类和鱼类组成的饮食相一致。碳和氧的稳定同位素比率为310搪瓷分析了来自华北榆社盆地的各种草食性哺乳动物（包括马科，犀科，牛科，啮齿类和蛇形科）的样本。碳同位素数据表明，自〜6.5 Ma以来，C4草一直是马粮和当地生态系统的重要组成部分，这证实了“中新世C4晚期扩张”发生在华北，就像非洲，印度次大陆和美洲一样。 。这支持了全球因素作为中新世C4后期扩张的主要驱动力。碳和氧同位素的综合数据显示，在〜5.8，〜4.1，〜3.3和〜2.5 Ma之后，气候向干燥和/或较温暖的条件发生了重大变化，在〜6.4，〜 5〜3.5马〜5.8 Ma和〜2.5 Ma之后向干燥和/或较暖的气候转变与两个主要的动物区系更新事件相吻合。牙齿内的delta13C和delta 18O值在单个现代牙齿和一些化石牙齿之间呈负相关，显示出夏季季风状态的特征模式，并确认了至少自上新世以来该地区强烈的季风影响。数据还表明，该区域的C4丰度在过去6.5 Ma内随气候变化而波动，在温暖和/或干燥的时期有更多的C4草，而在较凉和/或潮湿的时期C4的生物量减少。 （摘要由UMI缩短。）。

著录项

  • 作者

    Ciner, Burcu.;

  • 作者单位

    The Florida State University.;

  • 授予单位 The Florida State University.;
  • 学科 Geochemistry.;Paleoclimate science.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 143 p.
  • 总页数 143
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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