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Three essays in agricultural economics: International trade, development and commodity promotion.

机译：农业经济学的三篇论文：国际贸易，发展和商品促进。

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摘要

This thesis contains three essays on topics in agricultural economics. Essays one and two share a focus on international trade and economic development, and essays two and three apply dynamic tools to agricultural economic policy issues.; Essay one analyses trade-related implications of a developing country's decision to adopt genetically-modified crop technology. A fixed-proportions model is constructed that evaluates the welfare implications of a range of adoption policies and export market responses. The model in this essay illustrates the importance of the prospective adopter formulating a projection of probable export market effects before making an adoption decision and of the role that high transaction costs may play in a developing country's adoption decision. The model also considers the effects of a new policy tool; a check-off style levy on genetically-modified technology in place of a technology-use agreement. A levy could be useful tool in developing countries, which are characterised by high transaction costs.; Essay two models the effects of emergency food aid on a recipient country's agricultural industry. This essay formulates a definition of "needed" aid in the context of a food emergency and constructs an optimal control model that solves a path of aid shipments that best meets that need. The effects of a range of food aid paths on recipient-country agricultural production are illustrated through numerical simulations. There are two key results. First, a non-optimal amount of aid can hinder a recipient-country's recovery from an exogenous food shock. Second, an exogenous shock can affect farmer revenue and therefore impact planting decisions. This effect must be considered in aid allocation policies.; Essay three uses time-series econometric techniques to develop a demand model that assesses the effectiveness of commodity advertising. This essay describes the importance of considering long-run and dynamic effects in demand systems, especially in the case of closely substitutable commodities. A demand system that tests for and accommodates dynamic and time-series properties is developed and applied to US meat data. The results of this model are compared to a traditional static demand system. The dynamic model produces econometrically and theoretically sound results and generates some more intuitively appealing estimates.
机译：本文包含三篇关于农业经济学的论文。论文一和论文二侧重于国际贸易和经济发展，论文二和论文三将动态工具应用于农业经济政策问题。一篇文章分析了发展中国家采用转基因作物技术的决定与贸易有关的含义。构建固定比例模型，以评估一系列采用政策和出口市场反应对福利的影响。本文中的模型说明了潜在采用者在做出采用决定之前制定可能的出口市场影响预测的重要性以及高交易成本可能在发展中国家的采用决定中扮演的角色。该模型还考虑了新政策工具的影响。代替技术使用协议的转基因技术的结帐方式征费。在发展中国家，征税可能是有用的工具，因为发展中国家的交易成本很高。短文两个模拟了紧急粮食援助对受援国农业的影响。本文针对食品紧急情况制定了“急需”援助的定义，并构建了一个最佳控制模型，以解决最能满足这一需求的援助运输途径。通过数值模拟说明了一系列粮食援助途径对受援国农业生产的影响。有两个关键结果。首先，非最佳数量的援助会阻碍受援国从外来食物冲击中恢复过来。第二，外来的冲击会影响农民的收入，从而影响种植决策。在援助分配政策中必须考虑这种影响。论文三使用时间序列计量经济学技术来开发评估商品广告有效性的需求模型。本文描述了考虑需求系统中长期和动态影响的重要性，尤其是在可替代性很强的商品中。开发了一种测试系统，该系统可以测试并适应动态和时间序列属性，并将其应用于美国肉类数据。该模型的结果与传统的静态需求系统进行了比较。动态模型会产生计量上和理论上合理的结果，并产生一些更直观的吸引力估计。

著录项

  • 作者

    Cardwell, Ryan Tyler.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Saskatchewan (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 The University of Saskatchewan (Canada).;
  • 学科 Economics Agricultural.; Business Administration Marketing.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2005
  • 页码 229 p.
  • 总页数 229
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 农业经济;贸易经济;
  • 关键词

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