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Working families and the reconstruction of Hempstead County, Arkansas.

机译：工作家庭和阿肯色州亨普斯特德县的重建。

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摘要

Located in southwest Arkansas, Hempstead County offers a fresh setting in which to study the impact of civil war and emancipation on the nonelite of the South. Family and household production were important cushions to the hardships of both antebellum and postbellum life. For blacks, emancipation marked the moment they could formally take control of their families in order to provide for them and work cooperatively toward subsistence. However, a labor system was subsequently negotiated that resulted in the economic subjugation of freedpeople. Nonelite whites emerged from war mangled, spending the next decade reconstituting families and restarting withering farm operations. Due to Hempstead's distance from destructive wartime action, however, many succeeded. Both whites and blacks, though, were increasingly unable to negate the downward pull of poverty through familial and communal efforts in the 1880s and 1890s, when cotton prices fell and debt became increasingly difficult to manage. By century's end, yeomen and small farmers, forced to turn to cotton as a result of the credit shortages caused by emancipation and war, began losing their land and were forced into tenant farming. The credit systems in which both blacks and whites eventually became involved hindered their ability to climb the agricultural ladder, resulting in an impoverished underclass of laborers.
机译：亨普斯特德县位于阿肯色州西南部，为研究内战和解放对南方精英的影响提供了崭新的环境。家庭和家庭生产是战前和战后生活艰难的重要缓冲。对于黑人来说，解放标志着他们可以正式掌控自己的家庭以供养他们并为谋生而合作的时刻。但是，随后谈判建立了劳工制度，导致了对自由人的经济征服。 Nonlite白人因战乱而崛起，在接下来的十年中重新组建了家庭，并重新开始了农场的枯竭。然而，由于亨普斯特德与破坏性战时行动相距遥远，因此许多人成功了。然而，无论是白人还是黑人，在1880年代和1890年代，由于棉花价格下跌，债务变得越来越难以管理，通过家族和社区的努力，越来越无法消除贫困的下降。到本世纪末，由于解放和战争造成的信贷短缺，约旦人和小农户被迫转向棉花，开始失去土地，被迫从事ten农。黑人和白人最终都参与其中的信贷体系阻碍了他们攀登农业阶梯的能力，导致了贫困的底层阶级工人。

著录项

  • 作者

    Poe, Ryan.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Arkansas.;

  • 授予单位 University of Arkansas.;
  • 学科 African American Studies.;History United States.;History Black.
  • 学位 M.A.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 177 p.
  • 总页数 177
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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