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Rebuilding the Tower of Babel: Language divide, employment of translators, and the Translation Bureau in the Ottoman Empire.

机译：重建通天塔：语言鸿沟，聘请翻译和奥斯曼帝国的翻译局。

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摘要

Broadly, this dissertation examines the Ottoman administration's efforts to overcome the language barrier which appeared at two levels. First, a language divide existed between the Ottoman imperial authorities and segments of the population who did not know Turkish. Second, there was a communication problem between the Muslim Ottoman statesmen who refrained from learning European languages until the second quarter of the nineteenth century and the representatives of Western powers. The Ottoman government solved this problem by employing translators who were largely recruited from non-Muslim groups and local population.;Specifically, the dissertation focuses on the translators who provided the diplomatic communications of the Ottoman administration with European states. Between the eighteenth and early nineteenth century, the Greek Orthodox Christian imperial court translator served this purpose. After the Greek Rebellion of 1821, the Ottomans removed this Christian official, and began to train Muslim state servants in European languages. In the process, an institution called the Translation Bureau was born. This study is primarily concerned with the institutional history of the Translation Bureau and its place within the Ottoman Bureaucracy.;The first chapter outlines the translators who were used mainly in the domestic Ottoman administration, and argues that their employment was a pragmatic approach. The second discusses the history, role, and significance of the imperial court translator, under whose office the Translation Bureau developed. The third examines the birth and early development of the Translation Bureau between 1821 and 1837. The fourth covers the period between 1837 and 1883 when the administrative structure of the Translation Bureau became further sophisticated. The fifth deals with various issues, including the training of officials in the Translation Bureau, the languages covered, and the documents translated in the bureau.;In addition to revealing the institutional structure and less-known aspects of this understudied institution, the dissertation argues that the birth and development of a sophisticated government office like the Translation Bureau was inevitable parallel to the general development of the Ottoman bureaucracy and the better integration of the empire into the West through an improved communication infrastructure.
机译：从广义上讲，本文考察了奥斯曼政府为克服出现在两个层面上的语言障碍而做出的努力。首先，奥斯曼帝国当局和不懂土耳其语的人口群体之间存在语言鸿沟。第二，在十九世纪第二世纪前半叶一直不学习欧洲语言的穆斯林奥斯曼政治家与西方列强的代表之间存在沟通问题。奥斯曼政府通过雇用主要从非穆斯林团体和当地人口中招募的翻译人员来解决此问题。具体来说，本论文的重点是提供奥斯曼政府与欧洲国家的外交往来的翻译人员。在18世纪到19世纪初，希腊东正教基督教朝廷翻译人员达到了这一目的。在1821年希腊叛乱之后，奥斯曼帝国罢免了这位基督教官员，并开始用欧洲语言训练穆斯林公务员。在此过程中，一个名为翻译局的机构诞生了。这项研究主要涉及翻译局的制度历史及其在奥斯曼官僚制中的地位。第一章概述了主要在国内奥斯曼政府中使用的翻译人员，并认为雇用他们是一种务实的方法。第二部分讨论了翻译局在其任职下发展的帝国法院翻译的历史，作用和意义。第三部分研究了1821年至1837年间翻译局的诞生和早期发展。第四部分研究了1837年至1883年间翻译局的行政结构日趋完善。第五部分涉及各种问题，包括对翻译局官员的培训，所用语言和翻译局中翻译的文件。；除了揭示这种被研究机构的体制结构和鲜为人知的方面外，论文还指出像翻译局这样的高级政府机构的诞生和发展与奥斯曼官僚机构的总体发展以及通过改进的通讯基础设施使帝国更好地融入西方是不可避免的。

著录项

  • 作者

    Darakcioglu, Mehmet.;

  • 作者单位

    Princeton University.;

  • 授予单位 Princeton University.;
  • 学科 Language Linguistics.;History Middle Eastern.;Political Science Public Administration.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 246 p.
  • 总页数 246
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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