The revolutions of 1848 witnessed the advent and rapid transformation of utopian social theories aimed at the emerging laboring classes. The social question shaped such master sciences as political economy, prompting methods and policies that might adapt workers to the new epoch of free trade and free markets. Moralisation and the developing ideology of free labor (liberte du travail) became a means of social management, an important tool in the disciplining of workers. Such a social project was apparent in the early Universal Expositions which helped to inaugurate the mass market under the rubric of the bon marche. Michel Chevalier and Frederic Le Play, engineers by training, became the architects of a new kind of social philosophy based on linking together workers and their patrons more narrowly and harmoniously. They both worked to promote the project---the "reform" of French society---by bringing "worker-delegates" to the expositions in England and in France and by setting up didactic displays of the bon marche. In doing so, they investigated the relationship between the modern market place and political stability; could the adoption of the mass market help to resolve France's turbulent tradition of radical, revolutionary politics? The dissertation details this reform project from the crisis in the discipline of political economy to the fully worked out social program offered in the Paris Universal Exposition of 1867.
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机译：1848年的革命见证了针对新兴劳动阶级的乌托邦社会理论的出现和迅速转变。社会问题塑造了诸如政治经济学，促进工人适应新的自由贸易和自由市场时代的方法和政策等大师科学。道德化和自由劳动思想的发展（自由解放）成为社会管理的一种手段，这是对工人进行管教的重要工具。这样的社会项目在早期的万国博览会上很明显，这有助于在市场营销的专栏下开辟了大众市场。经过培训的工程师Michel Chevalier和Frederic Le Play成为了一种新型的社会哲学的建筑师，该思想的基础是使工人及其赞助人之间的联系更加狭窄和和谐。他们俩都通过将“工人代表”带到英格兰和法国的博览会上，并建立了有教养的bon marche展览，来促进该项目-法国社会的“改革”。为此，他们研究了现代市场与政治稳定之间的关系。大众市场的采用能否帮助解决法国动荡的激进革命政治传统？论文详细介绍了这一改革项目，从政治经济学学科的危机到1867年巴黎世界博览会提供的全面制定的社会计划。
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