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Signal compounds involved with plant perception and response to microbes alter plant physiological activities and growth of crop plants.

机译：与植物感知和对微生物的反应有关的信号化合物会改变植物的生理活性和农作物的生长。

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摘要

Recent preliminary data have suggested that microbe-to-plant signals, and plant internal signals elicited by microbial signals, affect aspects of plant physiology, development and growth. The reported research investigated the responses of plants to signal compounds of microbial and plant origin, such as lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs - signal molecules in rhizobia-legume associations), chitin and chitosan (present in fungal cell walls), and phenolic compounds (salicylic acid, acetylsalicylic acid and gentisic acid - internal signals in plants, often affected by signals from microbes). Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL) are key enzymes of the phenylpropanoid pathway. Oligomers of chitin and chitosan increased the activities of both PAL and TAL in soybean leaves. The degree of increase was dependent on oligomer chain length and time after treatment. LCO [Nod Bj V (C18:1 , MeFuc)] was isolated from Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain 532C. When Arabidopsis thaliana plants were grown for two weeks on agar containing this LCO (10-8M) or chitin pentamer (10-4 M), they had greater root length, root diameter, root surface area and number of root tips than control plants. Chitosan (tetramer and pentamer) did not have this effect. Chitin and chitosan were also tested for effects on corn and soybean photosynthetic rates and growth. High molecular weight chitosan generally reduced photosynthetic rates, but did not reduce the growth of corn or soybean. However, foliar application of 10-6 M LCO to corn leaves increased photosynthetic rates (up to 36%). Foliar application of lumichrome (10-5 and 10-6 M), a breakdown product of riboflavin produced by some rhizosphere bacteria, to corn (C4 plant) and soybean (C3 plant) increased photosynthetic rates (up to 6%). Foliar application of lumichrome (10-5 M) increased soybean leaf area and shoot dry weight. Foliar application of SA, acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) and gentisic acid (GTA) all enhanced photosynthesis in both soybean and corn, however this resulted in increased leaf areas and shoot dry weights in soybean and in corn only for GTA (10-3 M). Overall, the work reported here indicates that a set of signals related to microbe-plant interactions can modify plant physiology and development leading to increased productivity.
机译：最近的初步数据表明，微生物至植物的信号以及由微生物信号引发的植物内部信号会影响植物生理，发育和生长的各个方面。报道的研究调查了植物对微生物和植物来源的信号化合物的响应，例如脂-壳寡糖（LCOs-根瘤菌-豆类协会中的信号分子），几丁质和壳聚糖（存在于真菌细胞壁中）和酚类化合物（水杨酸）酸，乙酰水杨酸和龙胆酸-植物中的内部信号，通常受到微生物信号的影响。苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）和酪氨酸解氨酶（TAL）是苯丙烷途径的关键酶。几丁质和壳聚糖的低聚物增加了大豆叶片中PAL和TAL的活性。增加的程度取决于低聚物链长和处理后的时间。 LCO [Nod Bj V（C18：1，MeFuc）]是从日本根瘤菌（Bradyrhizobium japonicum）菌株532C中分离的。当拟南芥植物在含有这种LCO（10-8M）或几丁质五聚体（10-4 M）的琼脂上生长两周时，与对照植物相比，它们的根长，根直径，根表面积和根尖数更大。壳聚糖（四聚体和五聚体）没有这种作用。还测试了甲壳质和壳聚糖对玉米和大豆光合速率和生长的影响。高分子量壳聚糖通常会降低光合速率，但不会降低玉米或大豆的生长。但是，向玉米叶片叶面施用10-6 M LCO可以提高光合速率（最高36％）。在玉米（C4植株）和大豆（C3植株）上叶面施用一些根际细菌产生的核黄素分解产物发光铬（10-5和10-6 M），提高了光合速率（最高6％）。叶面施用荧光色素（10-5 M）增加了大豆叶的面积并增加了茎干重量。叶面喷施SA，乙酰水杨酸（ASA）和龙胆酸（GTA）均增强了大豆和玉米的光合作用，但是仅GTA（10-3 M）导致大豆和玉米的叶面积增加且茎干重增加）。总的来说，这里报道的工作表明，一组与微生物-植物相互作用有关的信号可以改变植物的生理和发育，从而提高生产力。

著录项

  • 作者

    Khan, Wajahatullah.;

  • 作者单位

    McGill University (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 McGill University (Canada).;
  • 学科 Biology Plant Physiology.; Biology Molecular.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2003
  • 页码 185 p.
  • 总页数 185
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 植物学;分子遗传学;
  • 关键词

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