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The long-range transport of Asian air pollution: Its variability and impacts on western North America.

机译：亚洲空气污染的远距离运输：其变化性及其对北美西部的影响。

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摘要

This dissertation uses measurements from the Mt. Bachelor Observatory (MBO: 43.98° N, 121.69° W; 2.7 km above sea level) in the Cascade Range of central Oregon and elsewhere to investigate the impacts and causes of variability in the Asian long-range transport of air pollution (ALRT) on multiple spatiotemporal scales.;Carbon monoxide (CO) observations from MBO, satellite retrievals, a global chemical transport model (CTM) and a backtrajectory index revealed that significant declines (2-21%) in springtime CO at MBO and elsewhere from spring 2005 to spring 2006 were attributable to: (a) strong wildfires in SE Asia during winter 2004 through spring 2005, and (b) the transport pattern in March and April 2006 which limited the inflow of East Asian industrial pollution to the lower free troposphere (FT) over western North America (NA).;Ozone (O3) results from 16 CTMs were compared to Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNet) observations in the U.S. for 2001. While the impact of foreign emissions on surface O3 in the U.S. is not negligible (decline of 0.3-0.9 ppbv for a 20% reduction in anthropogenic emissions abroad) - and is of increasing concern given the recent growth in Asian emissions - the effect of NA emissions reductions (decline of 5-6 ppbv for a 20% reduction in anthropogenic O3 precursors) was found to be substantially greater.;Chairlift sounding data from MBO revealed that a boundary layer influence at the summit begins ∼10:00 PDT during spring. Using these data, I isolated FT nitrogen oxide (NOX = NO + NO2) observations from 1 autumn and 3 spring campaigns. Significant interannual variability was detected and attributed to changes in FT synoptic conditions. Substantially lower NO X levels were observed during spring 2009 when there were: (1) higher geopotential heights (Z) and warmer temperatures ( T) over the Gulf of Alaska and (2) much weaker winds throughout the North Pacific.;A characterization of the top 20 FT NOX events revealed that half (n=10) were "Imported" events with anomalously: (1) high Z off the west coast of NA, (2) warm T throughout the eastern Pacific, and (3) strong SW winds in the Asian outflow region. Five events exhibited an influence from the NA continent and were characterized by very strong cyclonic behavior off the NW U.S. coast.
机译：本文采用了山的测量。位于俄勒冈州中部喀斯喀特山脉及其他地区的单身汉天文台（MBO：北纬43.98°，西经121.69°；海拔2.7 km），以研究亚洲大气污染远程传输（ALRT）的影响和成因多个时空尺度。MBO，卫星取回，全球化学传输模型（CTM）和回弹指数从一氧化碳（CO）的观测结果表明，从2005年春季到2005年MBO和其他地区春季CO的显着下降（2-21％） 2006年春季可归因于：（a）2004年冬季至2005年春季在东南亚发生的野火，以及（b）2006年3月和4月的运输方式将东亚工业污染的流入限制在较低的对流层（FT）在北美西部（NA）。；将16个CTM的臭氧（O3）结果与2001年美国清洁空气状况和趋势网络（CASTNet）的观察结果进行了比较。忽略可行（将国外人为排放量减少20％降低0.3-0.9 ppbv）-鉴于亚洲排放量的近期增长，人们越来越担心-NA排放量减少的影响（减少20％降低5-6 ppbv人为的O3前驱体中的碳被发现要大得多。; MBO的升降椅测深数据显示，春季的顶峰边界层影响开始于美国太平洋夏令时（PDT）约10:00。利用这些数据，我从1个秋季运动和3个春季运动中分离出了FT氮氧化物（NOX = NO + NO2）观测值。重大年际变化被检测到，并归因于FT天气条件的变化。在2009年春季，观察到NOx含量大大降低，当时：（1）阿拉斯加湾的地势高度（Z）和温度（T）较高，以及（2）北太平洋的风弱得多;前20个FT NOX事件揭示了一半（n = 10）是异常的“进口”事件：（1）NA西海岸外的高Z，（2）整个东太平洋的T暖，以及（3）西南强在亚洲流出地区刮风。五个事件显示出来自北美大陆的影响，其特征是美国西北海岸非常强烈的气旋行为。

著录项

  • 作者

    Reidmiller, David R.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Washington.;

  • 授予单位 University of Washington.;
  • 学科 Atmospheric Chemistry.;Atmospheric Sciences.;Environmental Sciences.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 198 p.
  • 总页数 198
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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