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Incorporating environmental costs into an economic analysis of water supply planning: A case study of Israel.

机译:将环境成本纳入供水计划的经济分析中:以以色列为例。

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摘要

The world is facing a growing challenge in maintaining water quality and meeting increasing demands for water resources. This trend is evident in the Middle East where water scarcity has reached critical levels. To cope with shortage, many Middle Eastern countries are exploring unconventional water sources. However, most discussions and project analyses focus on the geopolitical dimension of the water crisis and supply planning, ignoring the additional social costs of water projects, like externalities. This study explores ways to include environmental impacts in the economic assessment of water supply options to determine how social costs, defined as private plus external costs, change the relative attractiveness of water supply alternatives. Using the marginal opportunity cost framework, the direct, external, and user costs of three water supply projects in Israel are valued: (1) groundwater extraction and depletion, (2) wastewater reclamation and reuse in agriculture, and (3) desalination. The study suggests that an analysis using private costs alone is misleading, since full social costing changes the relative attractiveness of the project alternatives. Therefore, Israeli policy makers may not always make socially efficient decisions about water supply. The research concludes by discussing the analysis within the broader policy context, highlighting the other policy options available to decision makers, additional research needs, and the difficulty of achieving sustainability in a political unstable region.
机译:在维持水质和满足对水资源日益增长的需求方面,世界面临着日益严峻的挑战。这种趋势在中东缺水已经达到临界水平的中东很明显。为了应对短缺,许多中东国家正在探索非常规水资源。但是,大多数讨论和项目分析都将重点放在水危机和供应计划的地缘政治层面,而忽略了水项目带来的额外社会成本,例如外部性。这项研究探索了在供水方案的经济评估中纳入环境影响的方法,以确定社会成本(定义为私人成本与外部成本)如何改变供水替代方案的相对吸引力。使用边际机会成本框架,对以色列三个供水项目的直接,外部和用户成本进行了评估:(1)地下水开采和枯竭;(2)废水回收和农业再利用;(3)海水淡化。该研究表明,仅使用私人成本进行的分析就具有误导性,因为完整的社会成本会改变项目替代方案的相对吸引力。因此,以色列的决策者们可能并不总是做出关于供水的社会有效决策。该研究的结论是在更广泛的政策环境中讨论分析,重点介绍决策者可以使用的其他政策选择,额外的研究需求以及在政治不稳定地区实现可持续性的困难。

著录项

  • 作者

    Gordon, Deborah.;

  • 作者单位

    Simon Fraser University (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 Simon Fraser University (Canada).;
  • 学科 Environmental Sciences.;Economics Agricultural.
  • 学位 M.R.M.
  • 年度 2002
  • 页码 102 p.
  • 总页数 102
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 能源与动力工程;
  • 关键词

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