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Optimizing Blade Pitch Control of Wind Turbines with Preview Measurements of the Wind.

机译：通过预览风来优化风力涡轮机的桨距控制。

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摘要

In above-rated wind speeds, the goal of a wind turbine blade pitch controller is to regulate rotor speed while minimizing structural loads and pitch actuation. This controller is typically feedback-only, relying on a generator speed measurement, and sometimes strain gauges and accelerometers. A preview measurement of the incoming wind speed (from a turbine-mounted lidar, for example) allows the addition of feedforward control, which enables improved performance compared to feedback-only control. The performance improvement depends both on the amount of preview time available in the wind speed measurement as well as the coherence (correlation as a function of frequency) between the wind measurement and the wind that is experienced by the turbine.;This thesis shows how to design an optimal collective-pitch controller that takes both preview time and measurement coherence into account. Simulation results show significantly reduced pitch actuation, improved generator speed regulation, and reduced structural loads compared to several different baseline cases. In addition, linear-model-based results show how the benefit of preview depends on the preview time and measurement coherence.;Effective lidar-based control also requires knowledge of the expected arrival time of the measured wind. Arrival time is the time it takes for the wind to travel from the measurement focus location to the turbine rotor. Arrival time is often assumed to be equal to the distance traveled divided by the average wind speed. This thesis, using field test data, studies deviations from this assumption.;Control implementation across the full range of above-rated wind speeds can be achieved through gain scheduling. The effect of gain scheduling implementation on effective feedforward and feedback gains is not straightforward. This thesis provides a detailed explanation of the effective gains resulting from two different gain-scheduling implementations. It includes an analysis of a simplified version of a nonlinear gain scheduling feedback loop as well as verification through simulation with a full nonlinear controller and turbine model.;Additional topics covered in this thesis include a model-inverse-based analysis of the conditions under which lidar is beneficial, a breakdown of the maximum useful amount of preview time by its different uses, and a comparison of two lidar-based individual pitch controllers.
机译：在高于额定的风速下，风力涡轮机叶片变桨控制器的目标是调节转子速度，同时最大程度地减少结构载荷和变桨致动。该控制器通常是仅反馈的，依赖于发电机速度的测量，有时还取决于应变仪和加速度计。预览输入风速（例如，从安装在涡轮机上的激光雷达）可以增加前馈控制，与仅反馈控制相比，可以提高性能。性能的提高不仅取决于风速测量中可用的预览时间量，还取决于风测量和涡轮机所经历的风之间的相干性（相关性与频率的关系）。设计一种最佳的集体螺距控制器，该控制器同时考虑了预览时间和测量一致性。仿真结果表明，与几种不同的基准情况相比，俯仰致动显着减少，发电机速度调节得到改善，结构载荷也减小了。此外，基于线性模型的结果还显示了预览的好处如何取决于预览时间和测量的相干性。基于激光雷达的有效控制还需要了解被测风的预期到达时间。到达时间是风从测量焦点位置传播到涡轮转子所花费的时间。通常认为到达时间等于行进距离除以平均风速。本文利用现场测试数据研究了与该假设的偏差。通过增益调度可以在额定风速的整个范围内实现控制。增益调度实施对有效前馈和反馈增益的影响并不直接。本文对由两种不同的增益调度实现产生的有效增益进行了详细说明。它包括对非线性增益调度反馈回路的简化版本的分析，以及通过使用完整的非线性控制器和涡轮机模型进行的仿真进行验证。；本文涉及的其他主题包括基于模型逆的条件分析，其中激光雷达是有益的，它通过不同用途来最大程度地预览预览时间，并比较两个基于激光雷达的单个音高控制器。

著录项

  • 作者

    Dunne, F.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Colorado at Boulder.;

  • 授予单位 University of Colorado at Boulder.;
  • 学科 Electrical engineering.;Alternative Energy.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2016
  • 页码 155 p.
  • 总页数 155
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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