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首页> 外文学位 >Individual and familial correlates and outcomes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A longitudinal follow-up study of a high risk sample (High-risk children).
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Individual and familial correlates and outcomes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A longitudinal follow-up study of a high risk sample (High-risk children).

机译：注意缺陷多动障碍的个体和家族相关性和结果：高风险样本（高风险儿童）的纵向随访研究。

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Background. Few studies have identified etiologic risk factors and correlates that are specific to ADHD, particularly in light of the high magnitude of comorbidity with other disorders.; Objectives. To determine the individual and familial correlates for ADHD, to examine the longitudinal course of social and psychiatric correlates and outcomes of ADHD, and to examine the temporal stability and course of behavioral manifestations and social functioning of children with ADHD across adolescence and adulthood. Subjects, methods and analysis are discussed.; Results. In terms of psychological factors, ADHD is associated with increased neurotic traits, short attention span, irritability, learning/reading problems, aggression, and delinquency. In terms of biological and neurocognitive correlates, ADHD is associated with shorter working memory, lower IQ, abnormal neurological findings, allergy, and complaints of stomachaches and nausea. In terms of familial factors, ADHD was not systematically related with parental substance use or anxiety disorders, but some differences did emerge in parental relationships in that ADHD is associated with maternal overprotection. In terms of outcomes, ADHD is associated with poorer academic performance, increased problems with peers and teachers, increased risks of developing ODD, Depression, and Learning/Reading Problems. With regards to ADHD-comorbid subtypes, the results of analyses of individual and familial correlates as well as social and psychiatric outcomes provide persuasive evidence to the differentiation of ADHD-comorbid from ADHD alone group.; Conclusion. In general, our findings based on a sample of high-risk children, support the findings of previous studies using clinic-based or epidemiological samples. In addition to the correlates common to psychiatric disorders, our findings indicate that ADHD is specifically associated with some individual correlates that may play a more important role than non-specific correlates in the trajectory of ADHD outcomes. Familial factors provide weak evidence to differentiate ADHD from non-ADHD but strong evidence to differentiate among comorbid subtypes. Furthermore, our findings suggest that ODD accounts for the development of Depression and that CD and Depression account for the development of Substance Abuse/Dependence among youth with ADHD. Finally, our findings indicate that ADHD is a heterogeneous disorder with high psychiatric comorbidity, which may comprise subtype of ADHD. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
机译：背景。很少有研究发现病因危险因素及其与多动症相关的特异性，特别是考虑到与其他疾病的高度合并症。目标。为了确定多动症的个体和家族相关性，检查多动症的社会和精神病学相关性和结果的纵向过程，以及检查多动症儿童在青春期和成年期的时间稳定性，行为表现和社会功能的过程。讨论了主题，方法和分析。结果。就心理因素而言，注意力缺陷多动症与神经质特征增加，注意力跨度短，易怒，学习/阅读问题，攻击性和犯罪有关。就生物学和神经认知相关性而言，注意力缺陷多动症与较短的工作记忆，较低的智商，异常的神经系统发现，过敏以及胃痛和恶心的症状有关。就家庭因素而言，ADHD与父母的物质使用或焦虑症没有系统性的联系，但父母之间的关系确实出现了一些差异，因为ADHD与母亲的过度保护有关。在结局方面，注意力缺陷多动症与学业成绩较差，同伴和老师的问题增多，发生ODD，抑郁和学习/阅读问题的风险增加有关。关于多动症合并症亚型，对个体和家族相关性以及社会和精神病学结局的分析结果提供了有说服力的证据，证明多动症合并症与仅多动症的人群有所区别。结论。一般而言，我们基于高危儿童样本的发现支持以前基于临床或流行病学样本的研究结果。除了精神疾病常见的相关因素外，我们的发现还表明，ADHD与一些个体相关因素特别相关，在ADHD结果的轨迹中，这些个体相关因素可能比非特异性相关因素更重要。家族因素为区分多动症和非多动症提供了微弱的证据，但为区分共病亚型提供了有力的证据。此外，我们的发现表明，ODD导致抑郁症的发展，而CD和抑郁症则导致ADHD青年中药物滥用/依赖性的发展。最后，我们的发现表明多动症是一种高度精神病合并症的异质性疾病，可能包括多动症的亚型。 （摘要由UMI缩短。）

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