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The Effects of the 2011 Maryland Alcohol Sales Tax Increase on Alcohol-Impaired Drivers Involved in Fatal and Non-Fatal Crashes.

机译：2011年马里兰州酒精销售税增加对涉及致命和非致命事故的酒精障碍驾驶者的影响。

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摘要

Background: Increasing alcohol excise taxes has been shown to reduce alcohol-impaired driving. However, no study has examined the effects of increasing alcohol sales tax on motor vehicle injuries.;Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of the 2011 Maryland alcohol sales tax increase on the rates of (a) alcohol-related motor vehicle fatalities, (b) alcohol-involved drivers in fatal crashes, (c) alcohol-involved drivers in all-injury crashes (nonfatal and fatal), and (d) different age groups of alcohol-involved drivers in all-injury crashes.;Methods: We used a time series study to analyze data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System and the Maryland Automated Accident Reporting System from 2001 to 2013 using a generalized estimating equations model with a negative binomial distribution and log link.;Results: For fatal motor vehicle crashes there was no immediate significant change in the rates of alcohol-related motor vehicle fatalities (rate ratio [RR]: 1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.98-1.13) and alcohol-involved drivers (RR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.96-1.11) with BAC≥0.08 g/dL after the 2011 alcohol sales tax increase. However, there was a significantly larger gradual decline in the rates of alcohol-impaired drivers involved in fatal crashes, and alcohol-related fatalities with BAC≥0.08 g/dL following the 2011 alcohol sales tax increase (p-value for trend change=0.03). For all-injury crashes among younger drivers ages 15 to 20, and 21 to 34, we observed a significantly larger gradual decline in the rate of alcohol-involved drivers after the 2011 alcohol sales tax increase (p-value for trend change<0.01); however, there was still no significant immediate reduction in rates.;Conclusion: There was no immediate reduction in the rate of alcohol-impaired driving or alcohol-related fatalities following the 2011 alcohol sales tax but we did observe a larger gradual decline in rates for alcohol-impaired drivers and alcohol-related fatalities with BAC≥0.08 g/dL. Drivers aged 15 to 34 appear to be more sensitive to a 3% tax increase in comparison to drivers aged 35 and over. Increasing the alcohol sales tax can be an effective means to save lives and prevent injuries from alcohol-impaired driving.
机译：背景：增加的酒精消费税已被证明可以减少酒后驾驶。但是，尚无研究检查增加酒精销售税对机动车伤害的影响。；目标：本研究的目的是评估2011年马里兰州酒精销售税增加对（a）与酒精相关的汽车的税率的影响车辆死亡，（b）致命事故中涉及酒精的驾驶员，（c）所有伤害事故中（非致命和致命）的酒精相关驾驶员，以及（d）不同年龄段的所有伤害事故中涉及酒精的驾驶员。方法：我们使用时间序列研究方法，使用具有负二项式分布和对数链接的广义估计方程模型，分析了致命性分析报告系统和马里兰州自动事故报告系统从2001年至2013年的数据。车辆撞车与酒精有关的汽车致死率（比率[RR]：1.13，95％置信区间（CI）：0.98-1.13）和与酒精有关的驾驶员（RR：1.06、95）没有立即发生重大变化％CI：0.96 -1.11）在2011年酒精营业税增加后BAC≥0.08 g / dL。但是，在2011年酒类销售税增加之后，与致命碰撞有关的酒后驾驶驾驶员和BAC≥0.08g / dL的与酒有关的死亡人数的下降幅度要大得多（趋势变化的p值= 0.03） ）。对于15岁至20岁和21岁至34岁的年轻驾驶员中的所有伤害事故，我们观察到2011年酒精销售税上调后，与酒精有关的驾驶员比例有较大的逐步下降（趋势变化的p值<0.01） ;结论：继2011年酒类销售税后，酒后驾驶或与酒有关的死亡人数没有立即减少，但我们确实观察到BAC≥0.08g / dL的酒精障碍驾驶员和酒精相关死亡。与年龄在35岁及以上的驾驶员相比，年龄在15至34岁的驾驶员对3％的加税幅度更为敏感。增加酒精销售税可以是挽救生命和防止因酒精受损驾驶而受伤的有效手段。

著录项

  • 作者

    Lavoie, Marie-Claude.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Maryland, Baltimore.;

  • 授予单位 University of Maryland, Baltimore.;
  • 学科 Public health.;Epidemiology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2016
  • 页码 144 p.
  • 总页数 144
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 地球物理学;
  • 关键词

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