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首页> 外文学位 >Psychophysical investigation of visual perception in deaf and hearing adults: Effects of auditory deprivation and sign language experience.
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Psychophysical investigation of visual perception in deaf and hearing adults: Effects of auditory deprivation and sign language experience.

机译：聋人和听力成年人视觉感知的心理物理调查：听觉剥夺和手语体验的影响。

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摘要

Although it is widely believed that the deaf "see" better and have more "alert" vision, few empirical studies have addressed this claim. The purpose of the following dissertation was to examine motion sensitivity and visual attention in deaf subjects. Two sources of influence were hypothesized to alter visual sensitivity and attention in deaf subjects: auditory deprivation and sign language experience.;If sign language experience alters visual sensitivity, then this influence will occur within the range of visual properties contained in the sign language signal, and not outside this range. In order to test visual sensitivity within this range, Study 1 aimed at quantifying eccentricity, spatial frequency, and movement speed of the hands.;In three experiments that follow, thresholds and reaction times were obtained in a direction-of-motion discrimination task. To separate the influences of auditory deprivation vs. sign language experience upon task performance, three groups of subjects were tested: deaf signers, hearing signers, and hearing non-signers. Performance under various conditions of attentional demand was assessed by manipulating spatial certainty about target location.;Studies 2 and 3 demonstrated similar performance for all subject groups, hence, motion sensitivity is not altered in deaf signers. In Study 2 and 4, visual field asymmetries due to perceptual and attentional factors were investigated. Results suggest that auditory deprivation may enhance sensitivity in the periphery, relative to central vision, and in the inferior visual field, relative to the superior visual field. In addition, a robust right visual field advantage was found in hearing and deaf signers, indicating a left hemisphere advantage for motion processing that is related to sign language experience. These asymmetries appear to be due to sensory, and not attentional, factors, since attentional manipulations did not alter the pattern of asymmetries.;In Study 3, three aspects of attention were compared across subject groups: attentional orienting towards the periphery, divided attention amongst multiple stimuli, and selective attention of a target amongst distractors. Although no evidence of enhanced divided attention in deaf subjects was found, deaf individuals may have a superior ability to orient attention toward moving targets and to selectively process a target while ignoring distractors.
机译：尽管人们普遍认为，聋人“看得见”更好，并且具有“警惕”的眼光，但是很少有经验研究可以解决这个问题。以下论文的目的是研究聋人的运动敏感性和视觉注意力。假设有两种影响因素可改变聋人的视觉敏感性和注意力：听觉剥夺和手语体验。如果手语体验改变了视觉敏感性，则这种影响将发生在手语信号所包含的视觉特性范围内；且不超出此范围。为了测试此范围内的视觉灵敏度，研究1旨在量化手的偏心率，空间频率和运动速度。在随后的三个实验中，在运动方向识别任务中获得了阈值和反应时间。为了区分听觉剥夺与手语经验对任务执行的影响，对三组受试者进行了测试：聋人，听觉人和非听觉人。通过操纵目标位置的空间确定性来评估在注意需求的各种条件下的表现。研究2和3对所有受试者组均表现出相似的表现，因此，聋人的运动敏感性没有改变。在研究2和4中，研究了由于感知和注意力因素引起的视野不对称。结果表明，听觉剥夺可能增强相对于中央视力的周围和相对于上视场的下视场的敏感性。另外，在听觉和聋哑人中发现了强大的右视野优势，这表明与手势语言体验有关的运动处理的左半球优势。这些不对称现象似乎是由于感觉因素引起的，而不是注意力引起的，因为注意力操纵并没有改变不对称现象的模式。在研究3中，研究人员对注意力的三个方面进行了比较：注意力朝向外围，注意力分散多种刺激，并在干扰物中选择性关注目标。尽管没有发现增强聋人注意力集中度的证据，但聋人可能具有将注意力定向到移动目标上并在不顾分心的情况下选择性处理目标的能力。

著录项

  • 作者

    Bosworth, Rain Grant.;

  • 作者单位

    University of California, San Diego.;

  • 授予单位 University of California, San Diego.;
  • 学科 Psychology Physiological.;Psychology Experimental.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2001
  • 页码 167 p.
  • 总页数 167
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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