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Political ecology of safe drinking water in the United States with a case study focus on Puerto Rico.

机译：以波多黎各为例的美国安全饮用水的政治生态学。

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摘要

Most research focusing on safe drinking water seeks to investigate the reasons that inhibit nearly 1 billion people in developing countries from having safe drinking water. Yet, there are still numerous communities in the United States without safe drinking water that often fail to enter into global water discourses. This study employed a political ecology framework to investigate and document the perspectives on drinking water of four very small (100 households) community owned and operated water systems in Puerto Rico. Political ecology examines power-knowledge relationships between human groups across spatial and temporal scales, how these relationships influence and determine human interaction with the environment and, conversely, how environmental change shapes power-knowledge relationships.;Through a series of 87 semi-structured interviews and community walk-throughs, I constructed profiles of each community's unique system of water governance and management, customary practices of water rights, conceptions on the roles of various community members in participating in various aspects of the water system, community-developed knowledge systems on water quality and health, and dynamic community composition. I then contrasted and situated the communities' profiles within the historical processes leading to the creation of the Safe Drinking Water Act and the current discourses on safe drinking water promulgated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and various state primacy agencies, such as the Puerto Rican Department of Health (PRDOH). These large-scale administrative and jurisdictional actors describe the failure of very small and small water systems to comply with the Act as being due to financial, technical and managerial limitations. The four communities I visited have very different perspectives on drinking water than the EPA or PRDOH. My research on safe drinking water in the United States points to deeper, underlying questions: Whose water governance? and Whose water knowledge systems?;Those who determine the "causes" of certain communities' non-compliance with the Safe Drinking Water Act are able to set the policies and courses of action for solving the "problem". However, when communities themselves have different conceptions of their drinking water "problems", the solutions proposed by more powerful and "knowledgeable" actors frequently fail to move the communities into compliance. Through this study, I seek to expand the drinking water discourses in the U.S. to begin reconciling various water governance and water knowledge systems across scales and among actors.
机译：大多数专注于安全饮用水的研究旨在调查阻碍发展中国家近10亿人口获得安全饮用水的原因。然而，在美国，仍有许多社区没有安全的饮用水，常常无法进入全球水领域。这项研究采用了一个政治生态学框架，调查并记录了波多黎各四个非常小（<100户）社区拥有和运营的供水系统对饮用水的看法。政治生态学研究了跨时空尺度的人类群体之间的权力-知识关系，这些关系如何影响和确定人类与环境的相互作用，以及相反，环境变化如何塑造权力-知识关系。；通过一系列87次半结构化访谈以及社区演练，我对每个社区独特的水治理和管理系统，水权习惯做法，各个社区成员参与水系统各个方面的作用的构想，社区开发的知识体系进行了概述。水质和健康，以及充满活力的社区组成。然后，我在导致制定《安全饮用水法案》的历史过程以及美国环境保护署（EPA）和各州主要机构（例如，波多黎各卫生部（PRDOH）。这些大型的行政和司法行为者将极小规模的供水系统未能遵守该法案的情况描述为财务，技术和管理方面的限制。我访问的四个社区对饮用水的看法与EPA或PRDOH截然不同。我对美国安全饮用水的研究指出了更深层的基本问题：谁的水管理？以及谁的水知识系统？那些确定某些社区不遵守《安全饮用水法》的“原因”的人能够制定解决“问题”的政策和行动方针。但是，当社区本身对饮用水的“问题”有不同的看法时，功能更强大且“知识渊博”的参与者提出的解决方案通常无法使社区达到合规要求。通过这项研究，我寻求扩大美国的饮用水论述，以开始协调各种规模和参与者之间的各种水治理和水知识系统。

著录项

  • 作者

    Opitz-Stapleton, Sarah.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Colorado at Boulder.;

  • 授予单位 University of Colorado at Boulder.;
  • 学科 Engineering Civil.;Political Science General.;Environmental Sciences.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 257 p.
  • 总页数 257
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 建筑科学;政治理论;环境科学基础理论;
  • 关键词

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