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Legal and institutional features of the Japanese patent system and impacts on productivity growth and entry modes.

机译：日本专利制度的法律和制度特征及其对生产率增长和进入方式的影响。

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摘要

The Japanese patent system has been characterized as a mechanism of diffusion, as it encourages numerous filings of narrow claims that build incrementally on fundamental technologies developed by domestic and foreign inventors, and advocates cross licensing. However, the effectiveness of the Japanese system in achieving this purpose has not been studied systematically.;Chapter Two analyzes legal features of the post-war Japanese patent system (JPS) and investigates empirically whether and how they influenced Japan's pattern of technology and productivity growth. Chapter Three advances that analysis by providing an explicit quantitative comparison between Japan and the United States in order to test how distinct differences in institutional features affect diffusion on an aggregate and industry level. The study continues with how such technology diffusion contributed to productivity growth. The empirical findings indicate that the JPS was effective in promoting technological diffusion and that such diffusion had a positive impact on technical progress, on an aggregate level and in the chemical, general machinery, and physics industries. Theory suggests opposing effects from diffusion: quick assimilation of new technologies and decreased incentives for firms to engage in R&D. Hence, these empirical findings are striking and interesting. They may be explained by the fact that Japan was in a "catch-up" phase during this time. That is, Japan was technologically catching-up to advanced, industrialized countries and thus, diffusion-promoting mechanisms had a positive effect on Japan's technical progress.;Chapter Four investigates the role of the Japanese patent system (JPS) in foreign firms' chosen mode of entry. Specifically, this chapter turns to licensing, another mechanism for technology diffusion, and examines whether and how patent practices in Japan affected FDI and licensing decisions by U.S. firms into Japan's market. This chapter offers a simple model to demonstrate how inventing around affects FDI and licensing decisions, then provides empirical evidence that features of the JPS promoted licensing over direct investment as an entry mode for U.S. multinational firms.
机译：日本专利制度的特征在于它是一种扩散机制，因为它鼓励大量提倡以国内外发明人开发的基本技术为基础的狭义权利要求书，并主张交叉许可。但是，日本体系在实现这一目标方面的有效性尚未得到系统的研究。第二章分析了战后日本专利制度（JPS）的法律特征，并通过实证研究了它们是否以及如何影响了日本的技术和生产率增长模式。 。第三章通过在日本和美国之间进行明确的定量比较来推进这一分析，以检验制度特征的明显差异如何影响总体和行业层面的扩散。该研究将继续探讨这种技术的传播如何促进生产力的增长。经验发现表明，JPS在促进技术扩散方面是有效的，并且这种扩散对技术进步，总体水平以及化学，通用机械和物理行业均具有积极影响。理论表明，扩散会带来相反的影响：新技术的快速吸收和企业参与研发的动机减少。因此，这些经验发现是惊人的和有趣的。日本这段时间处于“追赶”阶段的事实可能解释了它们。也就是说，日本在技术上追赶了先进的工业化国家，因此，扩散促进机制对日本的技术进步产生了积极的影响。第四章研究了日本专利制度在外国公司选择模式中的作用。进入。具体而言，本章将转向许可，这是另一种技术传播的机制，并研究了日本的专利做法是否以及如何影响美国公司对日本市场的外国直接投资和许可决定。本章提供了一个简单的模型来说明发明如何影响外国直接投资和许可决定，然后提供经验证据，证明JPS的功能促进了直接投资许可，将其作为美国跨国公司的进入模式。

著录项

  • 作者

    McDaniel, Christine Ann.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Colorado at Boulder.;

  • 授予单位 University of Colorado at Boulder.;
  • 学科 Law.;Economics General.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1999
  • 页码 153 p.
  • 总页数 153
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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