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Dysfunctional social capital in post-communist states: Analyzing correlates of perceived corruption in the Romanian civil service.

机译：后共产主义国家的社会资本功能失调：分析罗马尼亚公务员体系中腐败的相关性。

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摘要

This study investigates perceptions of corruption in the Romanian civil service and the factors that facilitate these perceptions. While most of the literature treats administrative corruption as a principal-agent problem between the state and government employees, this study employs social capital theory to investigate the roots of corruption within dysfunctional social capital. Moreover, most empirical research on corruption undertakes cross-country analysis to explain variance in perceived corruption ratings based on economic, political, and social indicators. However, the conditions underlying such indicators are difficult to change. This study is a survey-oriented analysis which attempts to identify specific causes and correlates of corruption in attitudes, behaviors and administrative institutions---all more possible to change than broad social conditions. Both primary and secondary data are used in this research. A total of three data sets document perceptions of ethics and corruption in the civil service and cover more than 1,200 experts, elected officials and civil servants. The quantitative analysis employs logistic regression and path analysis with structural equation modeling in order to detect the primary correlates of elected officials' and civil servants' perceptions of corruption.;The qualitative analysis suggests that the cultural and historical legacy of the Communist regime resulted in general apathy and dysfunctional social capital in Romania. A weak sense of loyalty to organized society and a lack of civic virtue bred a vicious cycle of corruption in the civil service. The quantitative analysis of elected officials' data reinforces this finding by showing that civil servants' lack of morality and citizens' un-civic behavior are significant correlates of perceived corruption. Moreover, elected officials who perceive the most corruption are also the ones who are most skeptical of the current centralized civil service structures. The civil servants who perceive the most administrative corruption within the civil service are also the ones who perceive the most corruption in the country. The perceived quality of human resource management in the civil service, especially in the areas of recruitment and retention, reward and recognition, and employee empowerment all prove to be significant correlates of perceived corruption. Moreover, civil servants' responses point to a lack of leadership support and of a clear mission as obstacles to administrative ethics. Finally, age has a significant negative effect on civil servants' perceptions of corruption. It seems likely that older individuals, socialized by the Communist system of dysfunctional social capital, are more accepting of present-day corrupt practices. Contrary to literature stereotypes about civil service pay in transition countries, this study suggests that remuneration is not a major factor in ethical behavior, but that other human resource reforms, including merit-based employment practices and worker empowerment would likely raise the quality and integrity of civil servants. Moreover, elected officials' data suggest that decentralizing civil service management is likely to foster leadership on many of these issues.;Finally, this study indicates that people's perceptions of corruption are influenced by what is considered widespread and approved behavior in the society. Therefore, anyone wishing to diminish corruption should particularly attempt to shape civic attitudes, using education, television campaigns and other approaches to help citizens see that honesty is more widespread than they might believe. This also suggests that the government needs to aggressively publicize its anticorruption efforts, because this will lead to a greater reservoir of positive social capital.
机译：这项研究调查了罗马尼亚公务员制度中对腐败的看法以及促成这些看法的因素。虽然大多数文献将行政腐败视为国家和政府雇员之间的委托代理问题，但本研究采用社会资本理论来研究功能失调的社会资本中腐败的根源。此外，大多数关于腐败的实证研究都进行了跨国分析，以基于经济，政治和社会指标来解释感知到的腐败等级的差异。但是，这些指标所依据的条件很难改变。这项研究是一项面向调查的分析，它试图确定态度，行为和行政机构中腐败的具体原因和关联-与广泛的社会状况相比，更可能改变。这项研究使用了主要数据和辅助数据。总共三个数据集记录了公务员对道德操守和腐败的看法，涵盖了1,200多名专家，民选官员和公务员。定量分析采用对数回归和路径分析以及结构方程模型，以检测民选官员和公务员对腐败的看法的主要相关性。定性分析表明，共产党政权的文化和历史遗产导致了罗马尼亚的冷漠和功能失调的社会资本。对有组织的社会缺乏忠诚感，缺乏公民美德，导致公务员腐败的恶性循环。对民选官员数据的定量分析通过证明公务员缺乏道德和公民的非公民行为与所察觉到的腐败有很大关系，从而加强了这一发现。此外，对腐败现象了解最多的民选官员对目前的中央公务员体制也持最怀疑的态度。认为公务员中行政腐败最多的公务员也是认为该国腐败最多的公务员。公务员队伍中人力资源管理的感知质量，特别是在招聘和保留，奖励和表彰以及赋予员工权力方面，都与感知到的腐败有着重要的联系。此外，公务员的回应指出，缺乏领导支持和明确的使命是行政道德的障碍。最后，年龄对公务员的腐败观念有重大的负面影响。共产主义社会资本失调的共产主义制度社会化的老年人似乎更愿意接受当今的腐败行为。与有关转型国家公务员薪资的陈规定型观念相反，这项研究表明薪酬不是道德行为的主要因素，但是其他人力资源改革，包括基于绩效的雇佣做法和赋予工人权力，可能会提高劳动者的素质和正直性。公务员。此外，民选官员的数据表明，在许多这些问题上，下放公务员管理的权力很可能得到增强。；最后，这项研究表明，人们对腐败的看法受社会普遍认可的行为的影响。因此，任何希望减少腐败的人都应该特别尝试塑造公民态度，使用教育，电视宣传活动和其他方法来帮助公民看到诚实比他们想象的更广泛。这也表明政府需要积极宣传其反腐败工作，因为这将导致更多的积极社会资本储备。

著录项

  • 作者

    Toma, Roxana.;

  • 作者单位

    North Carolina State University.;

  • 授予单位 North Carolina State University.;
  • 学科 Political Science General.;Political Science International Law and Relations.;Political Science Public Administration.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 188 p.
  • 总页数 188
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 政治理论;国际法;政治理论;
  • 关键词

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