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Structural design optimization of a pediatric stent for pulmonary artery stenosis.

机译：肺动脉狭窄的小儿支架的结构设计优化。

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摘要

Congenital cardiovascular defects occur in approximately one percent of live births annually. One example is pulmonary artery stenosis, a narrowing of the major artery connecting the right ventricle to the lungs. As a result, the blood flow towards the lungs is decreased, making it difficult for blood to be reoxygenated.;The goal of this project is to optimize a pediatric stent design the major characteristic of which is an open loop design that accommodates for the infant's artery growth. This design was generated following engineering design steps (problem definition, design embodiment, etc.) and is optimized through numerical simulations and mechanical testing.;After several iterations, the current generation of stents fulfills a majority of the design requirements On the other hand, this design is not without flaws or limitations, and it should be further improved. However, it is a promising design which could potentially be successful in animal experiments.;Finally, a stent designed specifically for the pediatric population would be a major breakthrough in the field of pediatric cardiology as only minimally invasive surgeries would be performed and open heart surgery avoided.;In order to remedy such a condition, pediatric cardiologists often opt for a minimally invasive procedure that is, inserting a stent, a tubular prosthetic to hold the artery open. However, the available stents that are inserted in the infant are adult stents designed for coronary artery disease. These adult stents do not accommodate for growth in children, therefore re-dilations of the implanted stent are required every three years or so. However, as the child is growing, open heart surgery has to eventually be performed to remove this no longer adequate prosthesis.
机译：先天性心血管缺陷每年约占活产婴儿的百分之一。一个例子是肺动脉狭窄，这是将右心室连接到肺部的大动脉狭窄。结果，流向肺部的血流减少，使血液难以再充氧。该项目的目标是优化一种儿科支架设计，其主要特征是一种开环设计，可适应婴儿的需求。动脉生长。此设计是根据工程设计步骤（问题定义，设计实施例等）生成的，并通过数值模拟和机械测试进行了优化。经过多次迭代，当前一代的支架可以满足大多数设计要求。这种设计并非没有缺陷或局限性，应进一步改进。但是，这是一个有前途的设计，可能会在动物实验中获得成功。最后，专门为儿科人群设计的支架将是儿科心脏病学领域的重大突破，因为仅需进行微创手术并进行开胸手术为了补救这种情况，儿科心脏病学家通常选择微创手术，即插入支架，管状假体以使动脉张开。然而，插入婴儿中的可用支架是设计用于冠状动脉疾病的成人支架。这些成人支架不能适应儿童的成长，因此，每三年左右需要重新植入植入的支架。但是，随着孩子的成长，最终必须进行心脏直视手术，以去除不再合适的假体。

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  • 作者

    Idrissi, Lalla Zineb.;

  • 作者单位

    McGill University (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 McGill University (Canada).;
  • 学科 Engineering Biomedical.
  • 学位 M.Eng.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 96 p.
  • 总页数 96
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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