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Bred for the world? Agricultural research priorities in the age of biotechnology.

机译：为世界育种？生物技术时代的农业研究重点。

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摘要

Over the last half century, scientists have strived to eradicate hunger. In the 1980s, the emergence of biotechnology provided agricultural researchers with an exciting new weapon in the war against hunger. Coincidentally, the top-down model of diffusion of agricultural innovations came under attack during this same period. The most interesting alternative, Farming Systems Research (FSR), stressed the need for a first-hand multidisciplinary understanding of the farm as an entire system and encouraged close interaction between the agricultural researcher and the farmer.;This dissertation examines how biotechnology has altered the conduct of agricultural research in U.S. universities and explores, in particular, how biotechnology has affected the psycho-social distance between researcher and farmer. With over half of all doctorates in the agricultural sciences from U.S. universities awarded to foreign students in 1992, the implications for developing countries are profound.;To understand how biotechnology has changed the way research choices are made in the agricultural sciences, the scientists themselves were queried. Thirty-four in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with agricultural researchers. In addition, a mail survey of 312 agricultural researchers (76% response) involved in agricultural biotechnology at U.S. universities was conducted. A number of survey questions from Busch and Lacy's landmark 1979 study of agricultural researchers were repeated.;The results strongly suggest that significant shifts have occurred in the ranking of the criteria for research problem choice since the Busch and Lacy study. Science-centered criteria registered significant gains. In contrast, the importance of client-centered criteria dropped precipitously. Increasingly, agricultural scientists are coming from urban, non-farm backgrounds and have received their training in basic science disciplines. Each of these factors erodes the longstanding mission-oriented nature of the land grant universities.;The changes that the agricultural research establishment has gone through are not all due to the rise of biotechnology. Universities recognized that a focus on basic science would be necessary to: attract high caliber scientists, capture significant new sources of competitive grants, and appeal to industry. Biotechnology was instrumental in reinforcing many of these underlying trends.;These changes have serious implications for developing country scientists. Serious concern must be given to the appropriateness of training developing country scientists in a basic science environment devoid of contact with farmers or extension. Despite biotechnology's promise, the overall impact on developing countries' agricultural development may be negative if it contributes to the creation of disciplinary-based scientists attuned to the global science community rather than farmers' needs.
机译：在过去的半个世纪中，科学家们致力于消除饥饿。在1980年代，生物技术的出现为农业研究人员在抗击饥饿方面提供了令人兴奋的新武器。巧合的是，在同一时期，自上而下的农业创新传播模式遭到了攻击。最有趣的替代方法是农业系统研究（FSR），它强调需要对农场作为一个整体系统有第一手的多学科理解，并鼓励农业研究人员和农民之间进行密切的互动。在美国大学中进行农业研究，并特别探讨生物技术如何影响研究人员与农民之间的心理社会距离。 1992年，在美国大学授予外国学生的农业科学博士学位中，有一半以上对发展中国家产生了深远的影响。为了了解生物技术如何改变了农业科学研究选择的方式，科学家们本身就是查询。对农业研究人员进行了34次深入的半结构化访谈。此外，针对美国大学中312位参与农业生物技术的农业研究人员进行了邮件调查（回复率为76％）。重复了Busch和Lacy在1979年进行的具有里程碑意义的农业研究的许多调查问题。结果强烈表明，自Busch and Lacy研究以来，研究问题选择标准的排名发生了重大变化。以科学为中心的标准取得了重大进展。相反，以客户为中心的标准的重要性急剧下降。农业科学家越来越多地来自城市，非农业的背景，并接受了基础科学学科的培训。这些因素中的每一个都侵蚀了土地赠予大学长期以来以任务为导向的性质。农业研究机构经历的变革并非全部归功于生物技术的兴起。大学认识到有必要对基础科学予以关注，以吸引高素质的科学家，获取重要的竞争性赠款新来源并吸引产业。生物技术有助于加强许多这些潜在趋势。这些变化对发展中国家的科学家产生了严重的影响。必须认真考虑在没有与农民接触或推广的基础科学环境中对发展中国家科学家进行培训的适当性。尽管有生物技术的希望，但如果它有助于建立适应全球科学界而不是农民需求的学科型科学家，那么对发展中国家农业发展的总体影响可能是负面的。

著录项

  • 作者

    Anderson, Jeffrey Lee.;

  • 作者单位

    The American University.;

  • 授予单位 The American University.;
  • 学科 Agriculture General.;Political Science International Law and Relations.;Education Agricultural.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1994
  • 页码 391 p.
  • 总页数 391
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 农学（农艺学）;国际法;
  • 关键词

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