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The environmental impacts of wind integration and comparison to conventional energy sources: Life cycle analysis of wind generation and transmission in Texas.

机译：风力发电对环境的影响以及与传统能源的比较：德克萨斯州风力发电和输电的生命周期分析。

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摘要

Wind energy resources are typically located in remote areas that lack the presence of high voltage transmission lines. Additionally, the current US electricity infrastructure is not robust enough to support a large amount of new wind capacity. In order to successfully integrate wind power into the national energy grid, both generation systems (wind farms) and transmission systems must be constructed. In this thesis it is argued that the environmental impacts associated with the transmission systems needed to support wind integration are large enough that they must be considered when comparisons are drawn between new wind energy and the use of existing conventional energy sources.;A life cycle assessment model was used to estimate and analyze the environmental impacts associated with the integration of wind energy into the existing US infrastructure. The scope of this study focused on wind power integration in West Texas, and most data utilized were adapted to this geographical region. Data were modeled with the SimaPro life cycle assessment software by Pre Consultants.;Results of this study include the analysis of the environmental impacts for the individual wind integration components (generation and transmission), the wind integration system as a whole, and comparisons of wind integration to existing conventional energy sources. Within the wind generation system it was observed that most impacts were associated with the manufacturing of the materials used for the wind farm. Similarly, the majority of impacts within the transmission system were attributed to the manufacturing of the materials needed for the transmission lines. For both systems, the aluminum smelting process played a dominant role in the majority of impact categories considered.;Other results analyzed the wind integration system as a whole. It was discovered that as the number of miles of transmission grid increased, the environmental impacts associated with the transmission system quickly surpass those of the wind energy generation system. This indicates that for large lengths of wind supporting transmission infrastructure, the transmission system will play a significant role in wind integration's environmental impacts. Therefore, the argument that wind integration must be considered when drawing comparisons between wind power and conventional sources was justified.;Additionally, it was determined that after long lengths of additional transmission infrastructure, wind integration's global warming impacts were comparable to those created by the operation of coal fired power plants and natural gas power plants. By quantifying the point at which wind integration impacts are equivalent to the use of existing conventional sources, policy makers could determine whether or not it is actually environmentally beneficial to integrate wind energy with a large amount of needed transmission infrastructure as opposed to continuing the use of a conventional energy source.
机译：风能资源通常位于缺少高压传输线的偏远地区。另外，当前的美国电力基础设施不足以支持大量的新风能。为了成功地将风力发电整合到国家能源网中，必须同时构建发电系统（风电场）和输电系统。本文认为，与支持风能集成所需的传输系统相关的环境影响足够大，以至于在比较新的风能和使用现有常规能源时必须考虑这些影响。该模型用于估算和分析与将风能整合到美国现有基础设施中相关的环境影响。本研究的范围集中在西德克萨斯州的风电集成，并且所利用的大多数数据都适应了该地理区域。数据由Pre Consultants使用SimaPro生命周期评估软件进行建模；研究结果包括分析单个风集成组件（发电和输电）的环境影响，整个风集成系统以及风的比较与现有常规能源的整合。在风力发电系统中，观察到大多数影响与用于风电场的材料的制造有关。同样，传输系统内的大部分影响都归因于传输线所需材料的制造。对于这两种系统，铝的冶炼过程在考虑的大多数冲击类别中都起着主导作用。其他结果从整体上分析了风能集成系统。已经发现，随着输电网格的英里数增加，与输电系统相关的环境影响迅速超过了风能发电系统。这表明，对于较大长度的风能支持输电基础设施，输电系统将在风能集成的环境影响中发挥重要作用。因此，在进行风能与常规能源之间的比较时必须考虑风能整合的论点是合理的;此外，确定了在长时间的附加输电基础设施建设之后，风能整合对全球变暖的影响与该运营所产生的影响相当燃煤发电厂和天然气发电厂。通过量化风能集成影响等同于使用现有常规资源的程度，政策制定者可以确定将风能与大量所需的输电基础设施进行集成是否对环境有益，而不是继续使用风能。常规能源。

著录项

  • 作者

    Chermak, Christina.;

  • 作者单位

    Southern Methodist University.;

  • 授予单位 Southern Methodist University.;
  • 学科 Environmental Sciences.;Engineering Environmental.;Energy.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 250 p.
  • 总页数 250
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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