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Hermit crabs and their influence on gastropod taphonomy.

机译：寄居蟹及其对腹足纲的影响。

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摘要

My thesis explores one aspect of biological taphonomy: that of the effect of hermit crabs on the preservation of gastropod shells. I describe how hermit crabs are recognized in fossil deposits by using biont fossils and trace fossils. I also provide a new synthesis of the role of hermit crabs in modifying Recent gastropod communities and therefore, the possibility of their having modified fossil gastropod communities.;Hermit crabs leave a very good fossil record, based on biont fossils (and trace fossils) uniquely associated with hermit crab-occupied (hermitted) gastropod shells. These pagurid-associated shell bionts have a long fossil history dating from the mid-Jurassic and are represented by a great variety of invertebrate phyla with world-wide distributions. However, no paleoecological studies on these "pagurized" shells (after Seilacher, 1969) provide experimental evidence or data to adequately assess whether these bionts also occur on living snails or empty shells lying on the substrate.;I sampled two habitats (mudflat and rocky intertidal) with populations of hermit crabs and living snails for two years to determine (1) the difference in bionts between living snails and hermitted shells and (2) the difference in shell-inhabiting bionts between the two habitats. I tethered empty shells (apertures plugged with paraffin to prevent hermit crab-occupancy) in the two habitats to address two questions: (1) do bionts settle on empty shells in similar patterns as on hermitted shells? and (2) are there differences between the two habitats in the type of biont that settles on these empty shells? I also wanted to know which biont would be more likely to be preserved in the fossil record, therefore, I buried pagurized shells with encrusting barnacles and bryozoans and monitored the shells over a three month period.;My research results show that hermit crabs, living snails and empty tethered shells have different bionts as well as different biont settlement patterns. Two unexpected results of the taphonomic experiments were: (1) mudflat tethered shells were more likely to be destroyed by "mistaken" predation than buried and (2) encrusting barnacles do not survive short-term burial and, therefore, are less likely to be preserved in the fossil record as indicators of fossil pagurized shells. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.)
机译：我的论文探讨了生物分类学的一个方面：寄居蟹对腹足纲贝壳的保护作用。我描述了如何通过使用生物体化石和微量化石在隐匿的沉积物中识别出寄居蟹。我还提供了关于寄居蟹在修饰最近的腹足纲动物群落中的作用的新综述，因此，它们有可能改变了化石腹足纲动物群落的可能性。隐居蟹独特地基于生物体化石（和痕迹化石）留下了很好的化石记录与寄居蟹居住（隐居）腹足动物的贝壳相关。这些与pagurid相关的壳生物体具有悠久的化石历史，其历史可追溯到侏罗纪中期，并以分布在世界各地的多种无脊椎动物门为代表。但是，对于这些“变质”的贝壳（Seilacher，1969年之后），没有任何古生物学研究提供实验证据或数据来充分评估这些生物体是否还存在于活蜗牛或位于基质上的空壳上。我取样了两个栖息地（泥滩和岩石）潮间带）与寄居蟹和活蜗牛的种群两年，以确定（1）活蜗牛和隐居贝壳之间的生物体差异，以及（2）两个栖息地之间的居住贝壳的生物体差异。我在两个栖息地中系住了空壳（用石蜡塞住小孔以防止寄居蟹），以解决两个问题：（1）生物体是否以与隐居壳相似的模式安放在空壳上？ （2）在这两个空壳上栖息的生物体类型在两个生境之间是否存在差异？我还想知道化石记录中最有可能保留哪种生物体，因此，我用包裹的藤壶和苔藓动物掩埋了有贝壳的贝壳，并在三个月的时间内对其进行了监测。我的研究结果表明，寄居蟹生活着蜗牛和空的系留壳具有不同的生物体以及不同的生物体沉降模式。语音测试的两个出乎意料的结果是：（1）与“掩埋”相比，泥滩系留的贝壳比“掩埋”的贝壳更容易被“误捕”破坏；（2）结壳的藤壶无法在短期葬礼中幸存，因此不太可能被掩埋。保存在化石记录中，作为化石贝壳化石的指示。 （摘要经作者许可缩短。）

著录项

  • 作者

    Walker, Sally Elizabeth.;

  • 作者单位

    University of California, Berkeley.;

  • 授予单位 University of California, Berkeley.;
  • 学科 Paleoecology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1988
  • 页码 283 p.
  • 总页数 283
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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