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FOOD FOR DEVELOPMENT: THE CARTER ADMINISTRATION AND UNITED STATES FOOD AID TO SOUTHEAST ASIA.

机译：食品促进发展：向东南亚提供食品和饮料的行政管理和美国的食品援助。

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摘要

This dissertation analyzes the Carter Administration's food aid policy toward Southeast Asia, based on interviews with participants in the policy-making process. The emphasis is on the interplay of bureaucratic, Congressional, and non-governmental organizations in that process. The analysis assigns the groups which influence food aid policy to three categories, derived from the multiple objectives of the Public Law 480 (Food for Peace) program: "humanitarian/development," "economic," and "politico-military." The dissertation examines two hypotheses: that politico-military policy preferences tend to prevail in food aid policy, and that American capitalism requires a foreign policy based on politico-military considerations.; The Carter Administration attempted to make humanitarian/developmental goals the chief priority of food aid. However, the deteriorating U.S. economy, bureaucratic behavior, poor Congressional oversight, and the continued demands of foreign policy and commodity organizations on the program all constrained this effort.; Concessional food aid sales to Indonesia and the Philippines generated controversy under Carter. Conflicts arose among Administration objectives, such as encouraging wheat sales, curbing the dumping of surplus rice, promoting human rights, using food aid to support economic development in poor countries, emphasizing private resource flows to middle income countries, and maintaining access to bases and strategic sea lanes.; In addition, the Administration denied emergency food aid to Vietnam, fed Democratic Kampuchea's troops, and conducted surplus disposal through emergency programs. Due to budget constraints, policy-makers transferred resources from development oriented food donation programs to meet emergency needs.; The data presented in the dissertation, including a brief discussion of food aid policy during the first year of the Reagan Administration, tend to confirm the hypotheses. Among theories of the policy-making process, neither variants of pluralism, e.g., bureaucratic politics and incrementalism, not conventional class analysis suggest the structural predominance of politico-military objectives in food aid policy which the dissertation finds. However, recent theoretical work on the relative autonomy of the capitalist state (Miliband, Poulantzas, Schurmann, Barnet) does provide a useful explanation for this finding.
机译：本文在对政策制定过程中的参与者进行访谈的基础上，分析了卡特政府对东南亚的粮食援助政策。重点在于官僚，国会和非政府组织在此过程中的相互作用。该分析将影响粮食援助政策的人群分为三类，这些人群是根据《公共法480》（粮食以和平）计划的多个目标得出的：“人道主义/发展”，“经济”和“政治-军事”。本文研究了两个假设：政治-军事政策偏好往往在粮食援助政策中占主导地位；美国资本主义需要基于政治-军事考虑的外交政策。卡特政府试图将人道主义/发展目标作为粮食援助的首要任务。但是，美国经济恶化，官僚主义行为，国会监督不力以及外交政策和商品组织对该计划的持续要求都限制了这一努力。在卡特的领导下，对印度尼西亚和菲律宾的优惠粮食援助销售引起了争议。政府目标之间出现了冲突，例如鼓励小麦销售，遏制剩余大米的倾销，促进人权，使用粮食援助来支持贫穷国家的经济发展，强调私有资源流向中等收入国家，以及维持基础和战略渠道的冲突。海道。此外，政府拒绝向越南提供紧急粮食援助，为民主柬埔寨的军队供养，并通过紧急方案进行了剩余处置。由于预算有限，决策者从面向发展的粮食捐赠计划中调拨资源以满足紧急需求。论文中提供的数据，包括对里根政府成立第一年期间对粮食援助政策的简短讨论，都倾向于证实这一假设。在决策过程的理论中，无论是多元主义的变体，例如官僚政治和增量主义，还是传统的阶级分析都没有表明政治军事目标在粮食援助政策中的结构优势，这是本文所发现的。但是，有关资本主义国家相对自治的最新理论工作（米利班德，普兰扎斯，舒尔曼，巴尼特）确实为这一发现提供了有用的解释。

著录项

  • 作者

    COHEN, MARC JACOB.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Wisconsin - Madison.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Wisconsin - Madison.;
  • 学科 Political Science International Law and Relations.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1983
  • 页码 994 p.
  • 总页数 994
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 国际法;
  • 关键词

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