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Regional planning in developing countries, with special reference to Mexico

机译：发展中国家的区域规划，特别是墨西哥

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摘要

A distinction is made between regional growth and regional development given the wider and more comprehensive scope of the latter. At the present, there is no well defined regional development theory. Those which have been attempted require to be adapted to real features of developing countries. In the Latin American context, this requires a realisation of regional development as a process of structural change where the main spatial patterns are associated with differentials of employment given by external demand and allocation of public infrastructure. The neoclassical models tend to neglect the role of space and the interregional diffusion of innovations and technical progress. Richardson's model of regional growth is more relevant since it includes a measure of concentration and agglomeration economies in terms of urbanisation and incorporates equity considerations. However, the model has not been empirically tested, and lacks adequate considerations of sociopolitical and income distribution aspects. The development of locational theories, combined with regional growth theories gave rise to models of spatial organisation and subsequently polarised development, which, although it has certain weaknesses related to planning implementation and time spans, represents one of the mam foundations for understanding regional development. The centre-periphery model, evolving from models emphasising income inequality, is perhaps the most satisfactory approach to regional development, as it combines the theory of polarised development with income inequality and involves social and political variables such as transmission of innovations and political power relationships. Thus for developing economies, spatial organisation, polarised development and centre-periphery models are more relevant, although they require adaptation to the particular "structural features", especially income distribution, of each country. Given the economic over-concentration in the more economically dynamic Latin American countries, policies for polarised development and decentralisation are essential. In these so called "transitional" countries (Friedman) it is possible to apply national and regional development policies simultaneously without interference in the development process, since the apparent goal conflict between maximisation of national growth rates (sectoral aims) and the reduction of regional income disparities may be solved through a multi- objective behavioural model with the aid of linear programming. This should be combined with a comprehensive and innovative planning approach incorporating regional planning by stages. In assessing the impact of regional policy through cost benefit analysis, equity and efficiency together should be the main consideration. The Mexican economy has experienced one of the highest rates of growth of GNP and GNP per capita among the developing countries. However, this has resulted in highly uneven distribution of population and income at a national and inter-regional level, and also one of the highest rates of inter-regional disequilibria following Williamson's indexes, largely due to the surprising growth of the metropolitan area, whose primacy, although stabilising after 1970, remains among the highest in the world. The evidence supports Friedman's core periphery model beginning second stage i.e. core and 2 peripheral subcores.
机译：鉴于区域发展的范围更广泛，更全面，区域增长与区域发展之间存在区别。目前，尚无明确的区域发展理论。那些已经尝试过的方法需要适应发展中国家的实际特征。在拉丁美洲的背景下，这要求将区域发展实现为结构变化的过程，其中主要的空间格局与外部需求和公​​共基础设施的分配所带来的就业差异有关。新古典主义模型倾向于忽略空间的作用以及创新和技术进步的区域间传播。理查森的区域增长模型更具相关性，因为它包括以城市化为单位的集中度和集聚经济量度，并考虑了公平因素。但是，该模型尚未经过实证检验，并且缺乏对社会政治和收入分配方面的充分考虑。位置理论的发展，再加上区域增长理论，形成了空间组织模型和随后的两极分化发展模式，尽管它在规划实施和时间跨度方面存在某些弱点，但却代表了理解区域发展的基础之一。从强调收入不平等的模型演变而来的中心外围模型，也许是区域发展的最令人满意的方法，因为它将极化发展理论与收入不平等相结合，并涉及社会和政治变量，例如创新和政治权力关系的传递。因此，对于发展中经济体而言，空间组织，两极分化和中心外围模式更为相关，尽管它们需要适应每个国家的特定“结构特征”，尤其是收入分配。考虑到在经济上更加活跃的拉丁美洲国家中的经济过度集中，极化发展和权力下放的政策至关重要。在这些所谓的“过渡”国家（弗里德曼）中，可以同时应用国家和区域发展政策，而不会干扰发展进程，因为国家增长率最大化（部门目标）与减少区域收入之间的明显目标冲突。差异可以通过多目标行为模型借助线性规划来解决。这应与全面和创新的规划方法相结合，分阶段纳入区域规划。在通过成本效益分析评估区域政策的影响时，公平和效率应共同作为主要考虑因素。在发展中国家中，墨西哥经济是国民生产总值和人均国民生产总值增长率最高的国家之一。但是，这导致了国家和地区间的人口和收入分配高度不平衡，也是继威廉姆森指数之后地区间失衡率最高的国家之一，这在很大程度上是由于大都市区的惊人增长，首要地位虽然在1970年后稳定下来，但仍然是世界上最高的国家之一。证据支持弗里德曼从第二阶段开始的核心外围模型，即核心和2个外围子核心。

著录项

  • 作者

    Garcia-Ortega, Maurilio.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Glasgow (United Kingdom).;

  • 授予单位 University of Glasgow (United Kingdom).;
  • 学科 Area planning development.;Latin American studies.
  • 学位 M.Litt.
  • 年度 1978
  • 页码 415 p.
  • 总页数 415
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 海洋工程;
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:51:42

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