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Methodology for a GIS-based damage assessment for researchers following large scale disasters.

机译：大规模灾害后研究人员基于GIS的损害评估的方法。

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摘要

The 1990s were designated the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction by the United Nations General Assembly. This push for decrease of loss of life, property destruction, and social and economic disruption brought advancements in disaster management, including damage assessment. Damage assessment in the wake of natural and manmade disasters is a useful tool for government agencies, insurance companies, and researchers. As technologies evolve damage assessment processes constantly evolve as well. Alongside the advances in Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing, and Global Positioning System (GPS) technology, as well as the growing awareness of the needs of a standard operating procedure for GIS-based damage assessment and a need to make the damage assessment process as quick and accurate as possible, damage assessment procedures are becoming easier to execute and the results are becoming more accurate and robust. With these technological breakthroughs, multi-disciplinary damage assessment reconnaissance teams have become more efficient in their assessment methods through better organization and more robust through addition of new datasets. Damage assessment personnel are aided by software tools that offer high-level analysis and increasingly rapid damage assessment methods.;GIS software has advanced the damage assessment methods of these teams by combining remotely sensed aerial imagery, GPS, and other technologies to expand the uses of the data. GIS allows researchers to use aerial imagery to show field collected data in the geographic location that it was collected so that information can be revisited, measurements can be taken, and data can be disseminated to other researchers and the public. The GIS-based data available to the reconnaissance team includes photographs of damage, worksheets, calculations, voice messages collected while studying the affected area, and many other datasets which are based on the type of disaster and the research field. Along with visually mapping the data, geometric calculations can be conducted on the data to give the viewer more information about the damage. In Chapter 4, a tornado damage contour for Moore, Oklahoma following the May 20, 2013 tornado is shown. This damage contour was created in GIS based on the Enhanced Fujita (EF) damage scale, and gives the viewer an easily understood picture of the extent and distribution of the tornado.;This thesis aims to describe a foundational groundwork for activities that are performed in the GIS-based damage assessment procedure and provide uses for the damage assessment as well as research being conducted on how to use the data collected from these assessments. This will allow researchers to conduct a highly adaptable, rapid GIS-based damage assessment of their own.
机译：1990年代被联合国大会指定为国际减少自然灾害十年。减少生命损失，财产损失以及社会和经济破坏的努力推动了灾害管理（包括损害评估）的发展。对于自然灾害和人为灾害，损害评估是政府机构，保险公司和研究人员的有用工具。随着技术的发展，损害评估流程也不断发展。伴随着地理信息系统（GIS），遥感和全球定位系统（GPS）技术的进步，以及对基于GIS的损害评估的标准操作程序的需求以及造成损害的需求的日益增长的认识评估过程尽可能快速，准确，损害评估程序变得更容易执行，结果也变得更加准确和可靠。有了这些技术突破，跨学科的损害评估侦察团队通过更好的组织方式变得更加高效，通过增加新的数据集变得更加强大。损害评估人员借助提供高级分析和日益快速的损害评估方法的软件工具进行辅助； GIS软件通过结合遥感航空影像，GPS和其他技术来扩展这些团队的损害评估方法，从而扩大了灾害评估方法的用途。数据。 GIS使研究人员可以使用航空影像在收集的地理位置显示实地收集的数据，以便可以重新查看信息，进行测量并将数据分发给其他研究人员和公众。侦察小组可以使用基于GIS的数据，包括损坏的照片，工作表，计算结果，研究受灾地区时收集的语音消息以及许多其他基于灾害类型和研究领域的数据集。除了直观地绘制数据外，还可以对数据进行几何计算，以使查看者获得有关损坏的更多信息。在第4章中，显示了2013年5月20日龙卷风之后俄克拉荷马州摩尔的龙卷风破坏轮廓。该损伤轮廓是在GIS中根据增强的藤田（EF）损伤等级创建的，使观看者容易理解龙卷风的程度和分布。本论文旨在描述在龙卷风中进行的活动的基础。基于GIS的损害评估程序，并提供损害评估的用途以及有关如何使用从这些评估中收集的数据的研究。这将使研究人员能够进行高度适应性强的基于GIS的快速损害评估。

著录项

  • 作者

    Crawford, Patrick Shane.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Alabama.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Alabama.;
  • 学科 Engineering Civil.;Remote Sensing.;Geodesy.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2014
  • 页码 80 p.
  • 总页数 80
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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