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首页> 外文学位 >Eco-epidemiology of production limiting diseases at the wildlife-livestock interface: Beef cattle and elk in southwestern Alberta, Canada.
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Eco-epidemiology of production limiting diseases at the wildlife-livestock interface: Beef cattle and elk in southwestern Alberta, Canada.

机译：野生动物-牲畜交界处限制生产的疾病的生态流行病学：加拿大艾伯塔省西南部的肉牛和麋鹿。

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摘要

The circulation of pathogens at the wildlife-livestock interface have great consequences for conservation, livestock production and public health. In southwestern Alberta, interactions between cattle and elk (Cervus elaphus) can be opportunities for pathogen transmissions. In this study, we explored the inter-species transmission of livestock pathogens between cattle and elk. Diagnostic tests initially developed for cattle were evaluated and adapted for use in elk. The occurrence of five pathogens (Bovine Herpesvirus 1, Bovine Viral Diarrhoea virus, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis- MAP, Neospora caninum and Fascioloides magna) in geographically overlapping cattle and elk herds was assessed in relation to the pathogen transmission route. Finally, the spatio-temporal patterns of interactions between cattle and elk were described: we first assessed factors influencing the use of cattle pasture by elk, and then defined and measured different types of interactions corresponding to different pathogen characteristics and transmission routes.;Only pathogens with indirect transmission routes (MAP, N. caninum , and F. magna) were found in both elk and cattle. Pathogens that persist in the environment, or within intermediate or definitive hosts, may have more opportunities for indirect transmissions, as they do not rely on strict spatio-temporal proximity. This was also illustrated by the increase in interaction rates when the definitions of "interaction" were based on increasing length of pathogen persistence in the environment. Elk avoided cattle presence, except during winter months, possibly increasing direct contacts at this period. When direct contact is necessary for pathogen transmission, specific features of the ranch, such as cultivated hay land, mineral supplements, water sources may also play a critical role by attracting elk on pastures in closer proximity to cattle.;This study highlighted the need for the evaluation and validation of diagnostic tools for wildlife species. It contributed to identify the combined effects of pathogen characteristics and inter-species interactions on the transmission of multi-host pathogens. Finally, it identified the benefit of integrating the diversity of pathogen characteristics and life cycles into descriptions of inter-species interaction patterns, and the need for detailed livestock management information to provide reliable assessments of these interactions.
机译：野生动物与牲畜交界处的病原体循环对保护，牲畜生产和公共健康具有重大影响。在艾伯塔省西南部，牛和麋鹿（鹿）之间的相互作用可能是病原体传播的机会。在这项研究中，我们探索了牲畜病原体在牛和麋鹿之间的种间传播。对最初为牛开发的诊断测试进行了评估，并适用于麋鹿。根据病原体传播途径，评估了地理上重叠的牛和麋群中五种病原体（牛疱疹病毒1，牛病毒性腹泻病毒，鸟分枝杆菌副结核亚种-MAP，犬新孢子虫和巨大Fascioloides magna）的发生。最后，描述了牛和麋鹿之间相互作用的时空模式：我们首先评估了影响麋鹿使用牧场的因素，然后定义和测量了与不同病原体特征和传播途径相对应的不同类型的相互作用。在麋鹿和牛身上都发现了具有间接传播途径（MAP，犬新孢子虫和大镰刀菌）的细菌。持久存在于环境中或中间或最终宿主内的病原体可能有更多的间接传播机会，因为它们不依赖严格的时空接近性。当“相互作用”的定义是基于环境中病原体持续时间的增加时，相互作用率的增加也说明了这一点。麋鹿避免了牛的存在，除非在冬季，否则在此期间可能增加直接接触。当需要直接接触以传播病原体时，牧场的特定特征（例如耕种的干草地，矿物质补充剂，水源）也可能通过在靠近牛的牧场上吸引麋鹿而发挥关键作用。对野生动物物种诊断工具的评估和验证。它有助于确定病原体特征和种间相互作用对多宿主病原体传播的综合影响。最后，它确定了将病原体特征和生命周期的多样性整合到物种间相互作用模式的描述中的好处，以及需要详细的牲畜管理信息以提供对这些相互作用的可靠评估的好处。

著录项

  • 作者

    Pruvot, Mathieu.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Calgary (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 University of Calgary (Canada).;
  • 学科 Animal diseases.;Epidemiology.;Veterinary science.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2014
  • 页码 319 p.
  • 总页数 319
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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