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Characterization of Detectors and Instrument Systematics for the SPIDER CMB Polarimeter.

机译：SPIDER CMB旋光仪的检测器和仪器系统的表征。

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摘要

We know from the CMB and observations of large-scale structure that the universe is extremely flat, homogenous, and isotropic. The current favored mechanism for generating these characteristics is inflation, a theorized period of exponential expansion of the universe that occurred shortly after the Big Bang. Most theories of inflation generically predict a background of stochastic gravitational waves. These gravitational waves should leave their unique imprint on the polarization of the CMB via Thompson scattering. Scalar perturbations of the metric will cause a pattern of polarization with no curl (E-mode). Tensor perturbations (gravitational waves) will cause a unique pattern of polarization on the CMB that includes a curl component (B-mode). A measurement of the ratio of the tensor to scalar perturbations (r ) tells us the energy scale of inflation. Recent measurements by the BICEP2 team detect the B-mode spectrum with a tensor-to-scalar ratio of r=0.2 (+0.05, -0.07). An independent confirmation of this result is the next step towards understanding the inflationary universe.;This thesis describes my work on a balloon-borne polarimeter called SPIDER, which is designed to illuminate the physics of the early universe through measurements of the cosmic microwave background polarization. SPIDER consists of six single-frequency, on-axis refracting telescopes contained in a shared-vacuum liquid-helium cryostat. Its large format arrays of millimeter-wave detectors and tight control of systematics will give it unprecedented sensitivity. This thesis describes how the SPIDER detectors are characterized and calibrated for flight, as well as how the systematics requirements for the SPIDER system are simulated and measured.
机译：从CMB和大规模结构的观测中我们知道，宇宙极其平坦，均匀且各向同性。产生这些特征的当前最受欢迎的机制是通货膨胀，这是宇宙发生指数膨胀的理论时期，发生在大爆炸之后不久。大多数通货膨胀理论通常会预测随机引力波的背景。这些引力波应通过汤普森散射在CMB的极化上留下独特的印记。公制的标量摄动将导致没有卷曲的极化模式（E模式）。张量扰动（引力波）将在CMB上引起包含卷发分量（B模式）的独特极化模式。张量与标量摄动之比（r）的度量告诉我们膨胀的能量尺度。 BICEP2团队最近的测量结果以张量与标量比为r = 0.2（+0.05，-0.07）的方式检测B模式频谱。对这一结果的独立确认是迈向了解通货膨胀宇宙的下一步。本论文介绍了我在名为SPIDER的气球载偏振仪上的工作，该仪旨在通过测量宇宙微波背景极化来阐明早期宇宙的物理学。 。 SPIDER由共享真空液氦低温恒温器中包含的六个单频同轴折射望远镜组成。其毫米波探测器的大幅面阵列和系统的严格控制将使其具有前所未有的灵敏度。本文介绍了如何对SPIDER探测器进行表征和校准以进行飞行，以及如何模拟和测量SPIDER系统的系统要求。

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  • 作者

    Tucker, Rebecca Suzanne.;

  • 作者单位

    California Institute of Technology.;

  • 授予单位 California Institute of Technology.;
  • 学科 Astrophysics.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2014
  • 页码 233 p.
  • 总页数 233
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
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