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Extreme post-wildfire flooding in the Colorado Front Range.

机译：科罗拉多前山脉的极端野火后洪水。

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摘要

In 2012, the High Park Fire near Fort Collins, Colorado burned ~353 km 2 and destroyed 259 structures. After the fire, the ungaged 15.5 km 2 Skin Gulch watershed experienced two geomorphically effective floods. Here, we investigate connections among storm characteristics, flood response, and geomorphic change by characterizing the hydrometeorology, peak flood discharge, and channel changes for these two extreme events. Our specific objectives were to: 1) to quantify spatial patterns of total rainfall and maximum 15-minute intensity for each storm by using local rain gages and Doppler radar; 2) to estimate the peak discharge and the corresponding uncertainty for each event using several modeling techniques; and 3) to interpret the rainfall-runoff response for these storms in the context of spatial interaction of precipitation, burn severity, runoff, and geomorphic change. Precipitation was estimated with bias-corrected radar observations, and at-a-station, 1D, and 2D hydraulic modeling calculations were used to characterize the peak discharge for each flood, calibrated to surveyed high water marks. The first storm occurred on 6-7 July 2012, just days after the fire was extinguished, when a convective thunderstorm produced total rainfall of ~50 mm with a maximum 15-minute intensity of ~60 mm/h over a portion of Skin Gulch that was burned at high severity. The resulting flood caused considerable deposition in the channel and 2D hydraulic calculations suggest the peak discharge was 70-120 m3/s. The following summer, from 9-15 September 2013, a very unusual multi-day storm produced 279 mm, which represents a recurrence interval greater than 1000 years. The peak 15-minute rainfall intensity for this storm estimated by the radar was about 100 mm/h, although the highest 15-minute intensity recorded by a rain gage was 38 mm/h. Based on 2D flow analysis, the peak discharge for this flood was <50 m3/s. Although the peak discharge was lower than that of the 2012 flood, this flood produced comparable channel change due to its extended duration. Both events rank among the largest rainfall-runoff floods per unit area ever recorded in the continental United States, and point to the dramatic effects wildfire can have on storm hydrology and channel morphology.
机译：2012年，科罗拉多州柯林斯堡附近的高公园大火烧毁了约353 km 2并摧毁了259处建筑物。大火过后，未切开的15.5 km 2的皮肤沟流域经历了两次地貌有效的洪水。在这里，我们通过描述这两个极端事件的水文气象学，洪峰流量和河道变化来研究风暴特征，洪水响应和地貌变化之间的联系。我们的具体目标是：1）通过使用本地雨量计和多普勒雷达，量化每场暴风雨的总降雨量和最大15分钟强度的空间格局； 2）使用几种建模技术估算每个事件的峰值流量和相应的不确定性； 3）在降水，燃烧严重性，径流和地貌变化的空间相互作用的背景下解释这些风暴的降雨-径流响应。利用偏差校正的雷达观测值估算降水量，并使用一站式，一维和二维水力模型计算来表征每次洪水的峰值流量，并根据勘测的高水位线进行校准。第一次暴风雨发生在2012年7月6日至7日，即大火熄灭后的几天，对流雷暴在部分皮肤峡谷中产生了约50 mm的总降雨，最大15分钟的强度为〜60 mm / h。被严重烧伤。产生的洪水在河道中造成大量沉积，二维水力计算表明峰值流量为70-120 m3 / s。接下来的夏天，2013年9月9日至15日，一场非常不寻常的多日风暴产生了279毫米，这意味着复发间隔超过1000年。雷达估计的这场风暴的最高15分钟降雨强度约为100 mm / h，尽管雨量计记录的最高15分钟降雨强度为38 mm / h。根据2D流量分析，该洪水的峰值流量为<50 m3 / s。尽管高峰流量低于2012年的洪水，但由于持续时间长，该洪水产生了可比的河道变化。这两个事件均属于美国大陆有史以来最大的每单位面积降雨径流洪水，并指出野火可能对风暴水文和河道形态产生巨大影响。

著录项

  • 作者

    Brogan, Daniel Joseph.;

  • 作者单位

    Colorado State University.;

  • 授予单位 Colorado State University.;
  • 学科 Civil engineering.;Meteorology.;Forestry.;Hydrologic sciences.;Geomorphology.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2014
  • 页码 66 p.
  • 总页数 66
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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