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首页> 外文学位 >Transportation policies and quality of life: An analysis of the socioeconomic effects of implementing ramp metering, high occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes and high occupancy toll (HOT) lanes within an urban transportation network.
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Transportation policies and quality of life: An analysis of the socioeconomic effects of implementing ramp metering, high occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes and high occupancy toll (HOT) lanes within an urban transportation network.

机译：运输政策和生活质量：分析在城市交通网络中实施匝道计费，高占用率（HOV）车道和高占用率（HOT）车道的社会经济影响。

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摘要

Transportation policies affect a diverse group of stakeholders who depend on decision makers to provide a network within which they can achieve their travel objectives. Individuals and households with varying values of time and different levels of income expect to have access to a dependable transportation system. They expect reliable travel times to destinations, whether they are going to work or school, or engaging in leisure activities. Commercial interests hinge their success upon being able to move goods and provide services in a way that promotes sustainability and prosperity. When the travel activities of these disparate entities---individuals, households and businesses---occur in concert or in conflict with each other, traffic congestion is a common byproduct. Litman (2007) defines traffic congestion as the incremental delay resulting from interference among vehicles in the traffic stream as a roadway reaches its capacity. Weisbrod, Vary and Treyz (2001) also correlate vehicle delay and roadway capacity by asserting that traffic congestion is a condition of traffic delay that exists because the number of vehicles trying to use the roadway exceeds the traffic network's capacity to handle them. These authors argue that traffic congestion has three dimensions of variation---spatial, temporal and stochastic. Cambridge Systematics (2005) links congestion to seven sources---traffic incidents, work zones, weather, fluctuations in normal traffic, special events, traffic control devices and physical bottlenecks or capacity. Three strategies that are used to mitigate the effects of traffic congestion are Ramp Metering, High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Lanes and High Occupancy Toll (HOT) Lanes. Ramp Metering is the use of traffic signals at freeway entrances to control the rate at which vehicles enter the freeway (Pearson, Black and Wanat 2001). HOV Lanes give priority for the use of entire roadways or specific travel lanes to vehicles with two or more occupants (and to motorcycles and hybrid vehicles in some instances). HOT Lanes allow Single Occupant Vehicles (SOVs) to access otherwise restricted roadways or travel lanes (typically HOV Lanes) by paying pre-established or variable tolls based on congestion conditions. Ramp Metering and HOT Lanes are categorized as Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)-enhanced strategies.;All three strategies are purported to enhance freeway operations by decreasing travel time and improving trip reliability. However, Verhoef (1996) argues that there appears to be an inverse relationship between efficiency and effectiveness and the social feasibility of transportation regulation (policy approaches). Considering this assertion, one wonders how the three strategies mentioned above affect quality of life---safety, personal security and socioeconomic wellbeing.;The socioeconomic effects of implementing Ramp Metering, HOV Lanes and HOT Lanes within an urban transportation network are examined to identify consequences, benefits and costs beyond (or in addition to) those typically obtained from traffic simulation models and field operational tests. Survey data and expert judgments (an electronic road user survey, a statistical analysis of survey responses, and a Planning Balance Sheet Assessment) are used to examine perceptions of and findings regarding the benefits and consequences of the three strategies. The analyses are also used to gather information to examine the premise that traditional tools and approaches (e.g. simulations of policy interventions and operational field test data) should be augmented with qualitative data to more adequately assess the quality of life concerns of transportation policy stakeholders. The results of the analyses reveal statistically significant associations between implementing Ramp Metering, HOV Lanes and HOT Lanes and quality of life considerations.
机译：运输政策会影响不同的利益相关者群体，这些利益相关者依靠决策者提供一个可以实现其旅行目标的网络。时间价值和收入水平各异的个人和家庭期望获得可靠的交通运输系统。他们希望到达目的地的可靠旅行时间，无论是去工作还是去学校，还是参加休闲活动。商业利益的成功取决于能否以促进可持续性和繁荣的方式转移货物和提供服务。当这些不同的实体（个人，家庭和企业）的旅行活动同时发生或相互冲突时，交通拥堵是常见的副产品。 Litman（2007）将交通拥堵定义为当道路达到其通行能力时，由于交通流中车辆之间的干扰而导致的增量延迟。 Weisbrod，Vary和Treyz（2001）还通过断定交通拥堵是交通延误的一种条件而将车辆延误与道路通行能力相关联，因为试图使用道路的车辆数量超过了交通网络处理通行能力的能力。这些作者认为，交通拥堵具有三个维度的变化：空间，时间和随机。 Cambridge Systematics（2005）将交通拥堵与​​七个来源联系在一起-交通事故，工作区，天气，正常交通波动，特殊事件，交通控制设备以及实际瓶颈或通行能力。缓解交通拥堵影响的三种策略是匝道计费，高占用车辆（HOV）车道和高占用收费（HOT）车道。匝道计量是在高速公路入口处使用交通信号来控制车辆进入高速公路的速度（Pearson，Black和Wanat 2001）。 HOV车道优先使用整个道路或特定的行驶车道，以供两个或两个以上乘员的车辆使用（某些情况下为摩托车和混合动力车使用）。 HOT车道允许单人车辆（SOV）通过根据拥堵状况支付预先确定的或可变的通行费来进入原本受限制的道路或行驶车道（通常是HOV车道）。匝道计费和HOT车道归为智能交通系统（ITS）增强策略。所有这三种策略都旨在通过减少出行时间和提高出行可靠性来增强高速公路的运营。但是，Verhoef（1996）认为，效率和有效性与交通管制的社会可行性（政策方法）之间似乎存在反比关系。考虑到这一主张，人们想知道上述三种策略如何影响生活质量-安全，人身安全和社会经济福祉;通过研究在城市交通网络中实施匝道计量，HOV车道和HOT车道的社会经济影响来确定超出，或不包括通常从交通模拟模型和现场运行测试中获得的后果，收益和成本。调查数据和专家判断（电子道路用户调查，调查答复的统计分析以及计划资产负债表评估）用于检查对这三种策略的收益和后果的看法和发现。这些分析还用于收集信息，以检查应以定性数据增强传统工具和方法（例如，政策干预的模拟和可操作的现场测试数据）的前提，以更充分地评估运输政策涉众的生活质量问题。分析结果表明，在实施坡道计量，HOV车道和HOT车道与生活质量考量之间存在统计学上的显着联系。

著录项

  • 作者

    Jefferson, Katherine D.;

  • 作者单位

    George Mason University.;

  • 授予单位 George Mason University.;
  • 学科 Political Science Public Administration.;Transportation.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 215 p.
  • 总页数 215
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 政治理论;综合运输;
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:38:25

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