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Speed profile variation as a surrogate measure of road safety based on GPS-equipped vehicle data.

机译：速度曲线变化是基于配备GPS的车辆数据的道路安全替代指标。

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摘要

Road network screening for potentially high incident locations is the first step in a road safety improvement program. During the screening process, road network crash data are required for the identification of high crash locations, a.k.a., black spots. In situations where historical crash data are limited or not available, surrogate safety measures, such as traffic and roadway characteristics are often considered. A surrogate safety measure is an indirect measure of safety, which attempts to assess the safety of a road facility through means other than crash data. Among speed characteristics measurements speed variation is often used as a surrogate measure of safety. There are a number of studies that attempt to establish a relationship between speed variation and crash risk but the existence form of such a relationship is still hotly debated in the literature. The increasing use of Global Positioning System (GPS) devices for collecting traffic operations data, such as vehicle speed and travel time, was led to interest in using GPS data derived measures as potential indices for roadway safety. As the deployment of GPS-instrumented vehicles becomes more prevalent, we may be able to use this new data streams to better evaluate roadway safety. Our hypothesis is that vehicle speed characteristics may be used to reveal roadways with safety issues such as poorly-designed road geometries, limited sight distance, and high conflict movements from/to side streets.;The primary objective of this research is to explore the use of speed variation over a roadway segment as an indirect means to estimate crash frequency of the facility. This estimated crash frequency can be used as a substitute when historical crash data are unavailable or a proactive means to identify sites that need further engineering studies.;To accomplish this objective, sample operating speed and incident data were collected for corridors in the Metro Atlanta area. To measure operating speeds, second-by-second speed data were obtained from more than 460 GPS-equipped vehicles participating in the Commute Atlanta Study over the 2004 calendar year. Incident data was provided by the Georgia Department of Transportation Office of Traffic Safety and Design. Based on the speed and incident data, several definitions of speed variation are considered as potential surrogate safety measures. The quantified relationships between surrogate measures and crash frequency are developed using Binary Recursive Partitioning methods and a Generalized Linear Modeling (GLM) approach.;This research effort is expected to result in several contributions. First, this study will develop a methodology to determine speed profile under various conditions using vehicle activity data. Second, a speed variation definition suitable for GPS data that can be used as a surrogate safety measure will be recommended. Lastly, the process will provide safety prediction models for identifying high crash locations in the network screening process for urban streets.
机译：对潜在高事故地点进行路网筛查是道路安全改善计划的第一步。在筛选过程中，需要道路网络碰撞数据来识别高碰撞位置，也就是黑点。在历史碰撞数据有限或不可用的情况下，通常会考虑替代安全措施，例如交通和道路特征。替代安全措施是一种间接安全措施，它试图通过除碰撞数据以外的其他方式评估道路设施的安全性。在速度特性测量中，速度变化通常用作安全性的替代度量。有许多研究试图在速度变化和碰撞风险之间建立一种关系，但是这种关系的存在形式在文献中仍然受到激烈的争论。越来越多地使用全球定位系统（GPS）来收集交通运营数据，例如车速和行驶时间，引起了人们对使用GPS数据得出的量度作为道路安全的潜在指标的兴趣。随着GPS仪表盘车辆的部署变得越来越普遍，我们也许可以使用这些新数据流来更好地评估道路安全性。我们的假设是，车速特性可用于揭示具有安全性问题的道路，例如设计不良的道路几何形状，视距有限以及从/到小巷的高度冲突运动。;本研究的主要目的是探索用途道路段速度变化的估计，作为间接估计设施碰撞频率的手段。当无法获得历史的崩溃数据时，该估计的崩溃频率可以用作替代方法，或者可以作为一种主动手段来识别需要进一步工程研究的站点。为了实现这一目标，收集了亚特兰大都会区走廊的样本运行速度和事故数据。为了测量运行速度，从2004日历年参加亚特兰大通勤研究的460多辆配备GPS的车辆中获得了每秒的速度数据。事故数据由乔治亚州交通运输部交通安全与设计办公室提供。根据速度和事件数据，速度变化的几种定义被认为是潜在的替代安全措施。使用二元递归划分方法和广义线性建模（GLM）方法开发了替代措施与崩溃频率之间的量化关系。首先，本研究将开发一种方法来使用车辆活动数据确定各种条件下的速度曲线。其次，将推荐适用于GPS数据的速度变化定义，该定义可用作替代安全措施。最后，该过程将提供安全预测模型，用于在城市街道的网络筛选过程中识别高碰撞位置。

著录项

  • 作者

    Boonsiripant, Saroch.;

  • 作者单位

    Georgia Institute of Technology.;

  • 授予单位 Georgia Institute of Technology.;
  • 学科 Engineering Civil.;Transportation.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 297 p.
  • 总页数 297
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 建筑科学;综合运输;
  • 关键词

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