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Decoding electric fields of the nervous system: Investigations of information storage and transfer in the central and peripheral nervous system.

机译：解码神经系统的电场：研究中枢神经系统和周围神经系统的信息存储和传递。

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摘要

Electrical potentials are the fundamental currency of communication in the nervous system. The advanced executive functions of the prefrontal cortex and the motor commands delivered to the neuromuscular junction, though involved with very different aspects of behavior, both rely on time-varying electrical signals. It is possible to "listen to" the internal communications of the nervous system by measuring the electrical potentials in the extra-cellular space. However, this is only meaningful if there is some way to interpret these signals, which are incredibly complicated and information rich. This dissertation represents an attempt to decode some of these signals in order to reveal their significance for behavior and function.;The first study is an investigation of the relationship between different elements of the local field potential in the prefrontal cortex and memory consolidation. It is shown that certain electrographic signatures of non-rapid eye movement sleep, namely K-complexes and low-voltage spindles, are correlated with neuronal replay of recent experiences. It is also shown that the global fluctuations of activity in the population of cells, known as up/down states, is correlated with neuronal replay. Finally, it is shown that high-voltage spindles are not correlated with memory replay, and are therefore functionally different from low-voltage spindles.;The second study focuses on the relationship between movements of the upper limb and the coordinated neural control, as measured by the electromyogram (EMG), of the muscles generating that movement. We show that different probability-based models can be used to predict what the pattern of EMG in the different muscles will be for any given kinematic state of the hand.;In the third study it is demonstrated that the kinematic output associated with a particular pattern of EMG can be reproduced with electrical stimulation. Thus, it is not only possible to understand the commands issued by the nervous system, it is also possible to issue commands by interfacing with the nervous system directly.;Finally, the design for an experiment that would combine EMG prediction with translation of EMG into electrical stimulus patterns is presented. The objective of this study would be to use these methods to fully control the upper limb in a way that would be useful for a functional electrical stimulation-based neuroprosthetic for spinal cord injured patients.
机译：电位是神经系统中沟通的基本要素。前额叶皮质的高级执行功能和传递至神经肌肉接头的运动命令尽管涉及行为的非常不同的方面，但都依赖于随时间变化的电信号。通过测量细胞外空间中的电位，可以“侦听”神经系统的内部通讯。但是，这只有在有某种方式解释这些信号时才有意义，这些信号非常复杂且信息丰富。本文旨在对其中的一些信号进行解码，以揭示其对行为和功能的重要性。第一项研究是对额叶前额叶皮层局部电场潜能的不同元素与记忆巩固之间的关系进行研究。结果表明，某些非快速眼动睡眠的电图特征，即K络合物和低压纺锤体，与最近经历的神经元重播有关。还显示，细胞群中活动的总体波动（称为上/下状态）与神经元重放相关。最后，表明高压纺锤与记忆重放无关，因此在功能上与低压纺锤不同。;第二项研究集中在上肢运动与协调神经控制之间的关系上。通过肌电图（EMG）来产生运动的肌肉。我们证明了不同的基于概率的模型可用于预测手的任何给定运动状态下不同肌肉的EMG模式。;第三项研究表明，与特定模式相关的运动输出可以通过电刺激来复制肌电图。因此，不仅可以理解神经系统发出的命令，还可以通过直接与神经系统连接来发出命令。最后，将EMG预测与EMG转换为提出了电刺激模式。这项研究的目的是使用这些方法以对脊髓损伤患者的基于功能性电刺激的神经修复物有用的方式完全控制上肢。

著录项

  • 作者

    Johnson, Lise A.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Arizona.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Arizona.;
  • 学科 Biology Neuroscience.;Engineering Biomedical.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 114 p.
  • 总页数 114
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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