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Fast food: The mechanisms of resource discovery in ant communities.

机译：快餐：蚂蚁社区中资源发现的机制。

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摘要

Competition for resources significantly influences community structure, especially in assemblages of ants. The level of species diversity in omnivorous temperate ant communities is mediated by an ecological trade-off between the ability to behaviorally dominate food and the ability to find food first. Although past research has focused on resource dominance, recent work suggests that discovery may actually be the key controller of species coexistence. Yet, very little is known about the mechanisms underlying the discovery process. This dissertation identifies and investigates the impact of several discovery mechanisms to discovery success in two geographically disparate assemblages of ants.;Omnivorous ants must find food items that are unpredictably located in space and time. Chapter 2 tests one of the central assumptions as to how this challenge is met: that discovery success is a function of forager number. While forager number does impact discovery dynamics, the efficiency of individual foragers is also relevant. The two mechanisms operate at different organizational scales: while forager number explained differences in discovery between communities, forager efficiency governed interspecific competition within communities.;Chapters 3 and 4 consider the ways in which individual forager efficiency could be enhanced. In Chapter 3, evidence for the ability of ants to detect resource signals was evaluated. Although different types of resources were discovered at different rates in different communities, species did not demonstrate a resource bias in discovery even though they differed significantly in overall discovery ability. These results suggest that, although discovery may be somewhat directed at close proximity to food items, discovery ability in ants is largely a result of undirected processes.;In Chapter 4, the effect of ant search behavior and allometry on discovery success was evaluated. Based on the digitized recordings of ant foraging patterns, species were found to differ in speed and the mean degrees turned per unit time; the basis for these differences appears to be stride frequency, not stride length. When movement and allometry were linked to discovery, it was found that the superior discoverers are those that have greater net displacement across the environment, either by turning less or having relatively longer legs and thus traversing the litter more effectively.
机译：资源竞争极大地影响了社区结构，尤其是在蚂蚁的聚集中。在杂食性温带蚂蚁群落中，物种多样性水平是由行为上支配食物的能力与首先找到食物的能力之间的生态折衷所调节的。尽管过去的研究集中在资源优势上，但最近的研究表明，发现实际上可能是物种共存的关键控制者。然而，对于发现过程的基础机制知之甚少。本论文确定并调查了几种发现机制对在两个地理上完全不同的蚂蚁组合中成功发现的影响。；杂食性蚂蚁必须找到时空上不可预测的食物。第2章测试了如何应对这一挑战的主要假设之一：发现成功是觅食者数量的函数。虽然觅食者的数量确实会影响发现动态，但各个觅食者的效率也很重要。两种机制在不同的组织规模上运作：虽然觅食者数量解释了社区之间发现的差异，但觅食者效率决定着社区内部的种间竞争。第3章和第4章考虑了提高个体觅食者效率的方法。在第三章中，评估了蚂蚁检测资源信号能力的证据。尽管在不同的社区中以不同的速率发现了不同类型的资源，但是物种的发现能力没有明显差异，即使物种在总体发现能力上存在显着差异。这些结果表明，尽管发现可能在某种程度上直接针对食品，但蚂蚁的发现能力在很大程度上是无方向过程的结果。在第4章中，评估了蚂蚁搜索行为和异构性对发现成功的影响。根据蚂蚁觅食模式的数字化记录，发现物种的速度不同，单位时间内的平均度数也有所不同。这些差异的基础似乎是步幅频率，而不是步幅长度。当运动和异速生长与发现相关联时，发现高级发现者是那些在整个环境中具有更大净位移的发现者，要么转弯较少或腿相对较长，从而更有效地遍历垃圾。

著录项

  • 作者

    Pearce, Jessica Myriam Colette.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Utah.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Utah.;
  • 学科 Biology Ecology.;Biology Entomology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2008
  • 页码 112 p.
  • 总页数 112
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 生态学（生物生态学）;昆虫学;
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:38:49

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