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首页> 外文期刊>Oecologia >Fast food in ant communities: how competing species find resources
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Fast food in ant communities: how competing species find resources

机译：蚂蚁社区的快餐：竞争物种如何寻找资源

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摘要

An understanding of foraging behavior is crucial to understanding higher level community dynamics; in particular, there is a lack of information about how different species discover food resources. We examined the effect of forager number and forager discovery capacity on food discovery in two disparate temperate ant communities, located in Texas and Arizona. We defined forager discovery capacity as the per capita rate of resource discovery, or how quickly individual ants arrived at resources. In general, resources were discovered more quickly when more foragers were present; this was true both within communities, where species identity was ignored, as well as within species. This pattern suggests that resource discovery is a matter of random processes, with ants essentially bumping into resources at a rate mediated by their abundance. In contrast, species that were better discoverers, as defined by the proportion of resources discovered first, did not have higher numbers of mean foragers. Instead, both mean forager number and mean forager discovery capacity determined discovery success. The Texas species used both forager number and capacity, whereas the Arizona species used only forager capacity. There was a negative correlation between a species' prevalence in the environment and the discovery capacity of its foragers, suggesting that a given species cannot exploit both high numbers and high discovery capacity as a strategy. These results highlight that while forager number is crucial to determining time to discovery at the community level and within species, individual forager characteristics influence the outcome of exploitative competition in ant communities.
机译：对觅食行为的理解对于理解更高层次的社区动态至关重要。特别是缺乏有关不同物种如何发现食物资源的信息。我们在得克萨斯州和亚利桑那州两个不同的温带蚂蚁群落中研究了觅食者数量和觅食者发现能力对食物发现的影响。我们将觅食者发现能力定义为人均资源发现率，即单个蚂蚁到达资源的速度。通常，当有更多的觅食者出现时，资源的发现就会更快。在忽略物种身份的社区内部以及物种内部都是如此。这种模式表明资源发现是随机过程的问题，蚂蚁实质上会以其丰度为中介的速率撞入资源。相反，根据先发现的资源比例定义，发现能力更好的物种没有更多的平均觅食者。相反，平均觅食者数量和平均觅食者发现能力决定了发现成功。得克萨斯州物种使用了觅食者的数量和能力，而亚利桑那州物种仅使用了觅食者的能力。一个物种在环境中的流行程度与其觅食者的发现能力之间存在负相关关系，这表明给定物种不能同时利用高数量和高发现能力作为策略。这些结果表明，虽然觅食者数量对于确定在社区和物种内发现时间至关重要，但个体觅食者的特征会影响蚂蚁群落中剥削性竞争的结果。

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