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Remote Sensing of the Environmental Impacts of Utility-Scale Solar Energy Plants.

机译：公用事业规模太阳能电站对环境影响的遥感。

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摘要

Solar energy has many environmental benefits compared with fossil fuels but solar farming can have environmental impacts especially during construction and development. Thus, in order to enhance environmental sustainability, it is imperative to understand the environmental impacts of utility-scale solar energy (USSE) plants. During recent decades, remote sensing techniques and geographic information systems have become standard techniques in environmental applications. In this study, the environmental impacts of USSE plants are investigated by analyzing changes to land surface characteristics using remote sensing. The surface characteristics studied include land cover, land surface temperature, and hydrological response whereas changes are mapped by comparing pre-, syn-, and post- construction conditions.;In order to study the effects of USSE facilities on land cover, the changes in the land cover are measured and analyzed inside and around two USSE facilities. The principal component analysis (PCA), minimum noise fraction (MNF), and spectral mixture analysis (SMA) of remote sensing images are used to estimate the subpixel fraction of four land surface endmembers: high-albedo, low-albedo, shadow, and vegetation. The results revealed that USSE plants do not significantly impact land cover outside the plant boundary. However, land-cover radiative characteristics within the plant area are significantly affected after construction. During the construction phase, site preparation practices including shrub removal and land grading increase high-albedo and decrease low-albedo fractions.;The thermal effects of USSE facilities are studied by the time series analysis of remote sensing land surface temperature (LST). A statistical trend analysis of LST, with seasonal trends removed is performed with a particular consideration of panel shadowing by analyzing sun angles for different times of year. The results revealed that the LST outside the boundary of the solar plant does not change, whereas it significantly decreases inside the plant at 10 AM after the construction. The decrease in LST mainly occurred in winters due to lower sun's altitude, which casts longer shadows on the ground.;In order to study the hydrological impacts of PV plants, pre- and post-installation hydrological response over single-axis technology is compared. A theoretical reasoning is developed to explain flows under the influence of PV panels. Moreover, a distributed parametric hydrologic model is used to estimate runoff before and after the construction of PV plants. The results revealed that peak flow, peak flow time, and runoff volume alter after panel installation. After panel installation, peak flow decreases and is observed to shift in time, which depends on orientation. Likewise, runoff volume increases irrespective of panel orientation. The increase in the tilt angle of panel results in decrease in the peak flow, peak flow time, and runoff.;This study provides an insight into the environmental impacts of USSE development using remote sensing. The research demonstrates that USSE plants are environmentally sustainable due to minimal impact on land cover and surface temperature in their vicinity. In addition, this research explains the role of rainfall shadowing on hydrological behavior at USSE plants.
机译：与化石燃料相比，太阳能具有许多环境效益，但是太阳能农业尤其会对建筑和开发产生环境影响。因此，为了增强环境的可持续性，必须了解公用事业规模的太阳能（USSE）工厂对环境的影响。在最近的几十年中，遥感技术和地理信息系统已经成为环境应用中的标准技术。在这项研究中，通过使用遥感分析陆地表面特征的变化，研究了USSE植物的环境影响。研究的地表特征包括土地覆盖，地表温度和水文响应，而变化则通过比较施工前，施工后和施工后的条件来绘制。为了研究USSE设施对土地覆盖的影响，在两个USSE设施内部和周围对土地覆盖进行测量和分析。遥感图像的主成分分析（PCA），最小噪声分数（MNF）和光谱混合分析（SMA）用于估计四个陆地表面端成员的亚像素分数：高反照率，低反照率，阴影和植被。结果表明，USSE植物不会显着影响植物边界外的土地覆盖。但是，建设后工厂区域内土地覆盖物的辐射特性会受到显着影响。在施工阶段，包括灌木清除和土地平整在内的场地整备措施会增加高反照率，减少低反照率。;通过遥感地表温度（LST）的时间序列分析研究了USSE设施的热效应。通过分析一年中不同时间的太阳角度，对LST进行了统计趋势分析，并去除了季节性趋势，并特别考虑了面板阴影。结果表明，太阳能发电厂边界外的LST不变，而建厂后上午10点则显着下降。 LST的减少主要发生在冬季，这是由于太阳的高度较低，从而在地面上投下了更长的阴影。;为了研究光伏电站的水文影响，比较了单轴技术在安装前和安装后的水文响应。发展了理论推理来解释光伏板影响下的流动。此外，分布式参数水文模型用于估算光伏电站建设前后的径流。结果表明，安装面板后，峰值流量，峰值流量时间和径流量会发生变化。面板安装后，峰值流量会减少，并且会随时间变化，这取决于方向。同样，径流体积增加，与面板方向无关。面板倾斜角的增加导致峰值流量，峰值流量时间和径流量的减少。；本研究提供了对使用遥感开发USSE的环境影响的见解。研究表明，由于USSE工厂对附近土地覆盖和地表温度的影响最小，因此具有环境可持续性。此外，这项研究还解释了降雨阴影对USSE工厂水文行为的影响。

著录项

  • 作者

    Edalat, Mohammad Masih.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Nevada, Las Vegas.;

  • 授予单位 University of Nevada, Las Vegas.;
  • 学科 Civil engineering.;Environmental science.;Remote sensing.;Alternative Energy.;Energy.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2017
  • 页码 152 p.
  • 总页数 152
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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