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Quantifying Factors That Influence Road Deicer Retention and Export in a Multi-Landuse Upstate New York Watershed

机译：量化影响多州北部上流域道路除冰剂的保留和出口的因素

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摘要

Chloride contamination of streams and groundwater has become a prevalent issue throughout urbanizing areas in the last half century, particularly in northern latitudes where deicing salts are applied to roadways. This study determined how deicer impacted runoff disperses through sub-urban and urban areas on seasonal and multi-year scales. Chloride concentration changes were then modelled under varying pollutant loading scenarios through an integrated catchment model (INCA-Cl).;Six in-stream conductivity/stage/temperature sondes, recording at 15-minute intervals, were installed within the small (~9.6 km2) Fuler Hollow Creek multi-landuse watershed in Broome County NY and monitored over a 1-year period. Weekly grab samples were taken at each sonde site and analyzed for dissolved cations and anions to help interpret the sensor results. Data from these sensors and local weather stations were used as inputs to the INCA-Cl model. Conductivity and Discharge measurements from stream sondes were used to construct a concentration/discharge hysteresis model of six storm events to determine seasonal variability in stream pollutant source. Results from weekly Fall and Spring stream and groundwater grab samples from 2006--2016 were used in conjunction with the model results to interpret long term trends.;Stream response to storm events was found to be dependent on season as well as amount of impervious surface. In contrast to the urban locations, sub-urban sites did not have an initial increase in total dissolved solids (TDS) before dilution during summer and fall runoff events and had overall smaller TDS increases from winter and spring de-icer flushing events, as well as slower discharge response times. TDS of stream water within the watershed showed increasing concentrations over the 10-year period that cannot be solely accounted for by an increase in impervious surface, thus suggesting an accumulation of deicers in groundwater as well. These observations are consistent with seasonal cation and anion data which suggests baseflow composition retains elevated de-icer levels year-round in parts of the watershed.;Concentration/Discharge (C/Q) hysteresis models indicate groundwater is the dominant pollutant source in non-salting seasons compared to surface water being the dominant source in salting seasons. Response to storm events was also influenced by land use in addition to season. INCA-Cl was able to model seasonal discharge and chloride trends within Fuller Hollow Creek under variable loading conditions throughout the study period. However, chloride increases from individual deicer flushing events could not be accurately replicated with the model. By quantifying and understanding the effects of road salting practices on variable land use areas, better estimates of chloride export and retention can be developed in order to protect salt sensitive freshwater ecosystems.
机译：在过去的半个世纪中，在整个城市化地区，溪流和地下水的氯化物污染已成为普遍的问题，特别是在北冰洋地区，除冰盐被应用于道路。这项研究确定了除冰剂对径流的影响在季节性和多年尺度上如何在郊区和城市地区扩散。然后通过集成的集水模型（INCA-Cl）在不同的污染物负荷情景下对氯化物浓度变化进行建模。;在小面积（〜9.6 km2）内安装了六个以15分钟为间隔记录的流电导率/级/温度探测器。 ）在纽约布鲁姆县的富勒霍洛溪多土地流域进行了为期1年的监测。每周在每个探空仪地点采集一次样品，分析其溶解的阳离子和阴离子，以帮助解释传感器的结果。来自这些传感器和当地气象站的数据被用作INCA-Cl模型的输入。来自河流探测仪的电导率和排放量测量结果被用于构建六个风暴事件的浓度/排放量滞后模型，以确定河流污染物源的季节性变化。将2006--2016年每周秋季和春季溪流和地下水采集样本的结果与模型结果结合使用，以解释长期趋势;发现对风暴事件的溪流响应取决于季节以及不透水面的数量。与城市地区相比，郊区地区在夏季和秋季径流事件发生稀释之前，总溶解固体（TDS）并没有最初的增加，而冬季和春季除冰冲水事件中总体溶解性固体物质的总体增加也较小。放电响应时间较慢。流域内溪流水的TDS在10年期间显示出不断增加的浓度，这不能完全由不透水表面的增加来解释，因此也暗示了除冰剂在地下水中的积累。这些观察结果与季节性阳离子和阴离子数据相吻合，表明季流成分在分水岭的部分区域全年保持较高的除冰水平。浓度/流量（C / Q）滞后模型表明，地下水是非流域的主要污染物来源。与盐分季节相比，地表水是主要来源。除季节外，对风暴事件的反应还受到土地利用的影响。在整个研究期间，INCA-Cl能够模拟富勒霍洛溪在不同负载条件下的季节性排放和氯化物趋势。但是，该模型无法准确地复制因单个除冰器冲洗事件而导致的氯化物增加。通过量化和了解道路盐化做法对可变土地利用区域的影响，可以更好地估计氯化物的出口和保留，以保护对盐敏感的淡水生态系统。

著录项

  • 作者

    Saba, David Joseph.;

  • 作者单位

    State University of New York at Binghamton.;

  • 授予单位 State University of New York at Binghamton.;
  • 学科 Geochemistry.;Hydrologic sciences.;Geology.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2018
  • 页码 132 p.
  • 总页数 132
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 水产、渔业;
  • 关键词

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