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International Development: Barriers and Possibilities of E-Learning and Massive Online Open Courses (MOOCs) for Higher Education in Developing Countries

机译：国际发展：发展中国家高等教育的电子学习和大规模在线公开课程（MOOC）的障碍和可能性

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摘要

This thesis focuses on International Development and online learning. In recent years, there have been many efforts to ensure primary, secondary and postsecondary education in developing countries. These efforts have been led by the United Nations (UN), first with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2000, and most recently, with the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2015. These goals, particularly the former, did not progress fast enough, and many students in developing countries remain without access to high quality education. Ensuring primary and secondary education in developing countries is a strong focus for the UN, but higher education is just as important in ensuring lasting change in developing regions.;Online learning, a new way to learn, has gained significant traction since the widespread adoption of the internet in the new millennium. Two popular ways of learning on the internet are e-learning and Massive Online Open Courses (MOOCs). Online learning presents a unique opportunity to replace traditional classroom learning and provide access to high-quality education to people regardless of their location. Modern forms of online learning such as MOOCs present an opportunity for developing countries to "leapfrog" in education in a similar way as cellular phones leapfrogged land lines in most developing countries.;Developing countries still lag behind in terms of internet usage and access to infrastructure. In most developing countries, infrastructure is decent in large metropolitan areas, but very limited in surrounding areas. Internet usage and accessibility are two imperatives for online learning to establish a strong presence in developing countries. Aside from internet-related issues, most MOOC content is created in English and therefore tailored to a western audience. Since most MOOCs are for-profit organizations, there are often strict reuse policies on their content, which make it difficult for educators and governments in developing countries to customize content. Other important barriers in developing countries include political instability, students willingness to learn, quality of educators and lack of national support for modern ways to learn.;Barriers to successful penetration of online learning in developing countries are indicative of the necessary steps to be taken on the road to success. First, local governments and humanitarian organizations need to improve internet infrastructure, adoption, and acceptance in developing countries. Second, MOOC providers should have less strict reuse policies for developing countries and empower instructors in developing countries with the tools and knowledge required to create content for local audiences. Third, partnerships between international organizations and large MOOC providers are the fastest way to ensure high quality post-secondary education in developing countries. One such partnership is the Open Learning campus established between Coursera, one of the top MOOC providers, and the World Bank.
机译：本文主要研究国际发展和在线学习。近年来，为确保发展中国家的初等，中等和中等教育做出了许多努力。这些努力是由联合国（UN）牵头的，首先是2000年的可持续发展目标（SDG），最近是2015年的千年发展目标（MDG）。这些目标，特别是前一个目标没有实现速度足够快，发展中国家的许多学生仍然无法获得高质量的教育。确保发展中国家的初等和中等教育是联合国的重点工作，但是高等教育对于确保发展中地区的持久变革同样重要。自从广泛采用网络学习以来，在线学习作为一种新的学习方式已受到了广泛的关注。新世纪的互联网。互联网上的两种流行学习方式是电子学习和大规模在线公开课程（MOOC）。在线学习提供了一个独特的机会，以取代传统的课堂学习，并使人们无论身在何处，都能获得高质量的教育。像MOOC这样的现代形式的在线学习为发展中国家提供了一个以“跨越式”的方式发展的机会，这与大多数发展中国家的移动电话跨越了固定电话的方式相似。发展中国家在互联网使用和基础设施的使用方面仍然落后。在大多数发展中国家，基础设施在大城市地区是不错的，但在周边地区却非常有限。互联网的使用和可访问性是在线学习在发展中国家建立强大影响力的两个必要条件。除了与互联网相关的问题外，大多数MOOC内容都是用英语创建的，因此是针对西方受众的。由于大多数MOOC都是营利性组织，因此通常对其内容使用严格的重用政策，这使发展中国家的教育工作者和政府难以定制内容。发展中国家的其他重要障碍包括政治动荡，学生的学习意愿，教育者的素质以及缺乏对现代学习方式的国家支持。；发展中国家成功普及在线学习的障碍表明了必须采取的必要步骤。成功之路。首先，地方政府和人道主义组织需要改善发展中国家的互联网基础设施，采用和接受程度。其次，MOOC提供者应为发展中国家制定不太严格的重复使用政策，并为发展中国家的讲师赋予为本地受众创建内容所需的工具和知识。第三，国际组织与大型MOOC提供者之间的伙伴关系是确保发展中国家高质量的专上教育的最快方法。这样的合作伙伴之一就是在最大的MOOC提供商之一Coursera和世界银行之间建立的开放学习校园。

著录项

  • 作者

    Panzeri, Davide.;

  • 作者单位

    Webster University.;

  • 授予单位 Webster University.;
  • 学科 International relations.;Educational technology.
  • 学位 M.A.
  • 年度 2017
  • 页码 76 p.
  • 总页数 76
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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