Marx and Engels had a classical theory of farming development and especially proposed a suggestion for the development of Russia’s farming economy. In the time of the Soviet Union, Lenin carried on and developed the theory of the classic writers. But, in the disputes between Bukharin,Trosky and Stalin, the theory of farming branched off and had a serious deviation at last in the agricultural collectivization movement launched by Stalin. In view of this, in the way of carrying on and developing Marx and Engels’ theory of farming, the policy in the time of the Soviet Union was not a sound strategy. These experiences and lessons merit attention in the development of Marxist theory.% 马克思、恩格斯著有经典的小农发展理论，并且专门对俄国小农经济发展提出了建议。苏联时期，列宁对经典作家的小农理论进行了继承和发展，但在布哈林、托洛茨基、斯大林的争论中，小农理论在苏联出现了分岔，最终在斯大林农业集体化运动中发生了严重的偏离。可见，在继承和发展马克思、恩格斯小农理论方面，苏联时期的政策并非良方，这些经验和教训是马克思主义理论发展中非常值得重视的方面。
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