本文选用我国淡水养殖主要品种的鲤科鱼类作为实验动物，采用口灌方法，研究甲砜霉素不同给药剂量对松浦镜鲤脾脏的毒性作用，旨在为TAP在鲤养殖过程中的合理、规范用药提供科学理论依据。选取1倍正常剂量、3倍中等剂量和5倍毒性剂量对松浦镜鲤进行甲砜霉素口灌给药，并将给药时期设为最大推荐使用期限5 d的3倍，即连续给药15 d，并设口灌蒸馏水对照组。停药24 h后采集实验鱼血液样品，一部分血液用于血细胞，另一部分收集血清，对血清中15项指标进行测定。结果显示，与对照组相比，随着给药浓度的增加，实验鱼血细胞数量呈先升高后降低趋势，且3倍剂量和5倍剂量给药组血细胞数量均低于对照组。随着给药浓度的增加，实验组红细胞微核率和核异常率也相应增加，且红细胞核异常率变化幅度较大。各实验组总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）、血糖（GLU）、氯化物（Cl）、钠（Na）、钾（K）、总胆红素（TBIL）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）、肌酐（Scr）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、总胆固醇（TCH）均有显著差异；由此可见，高剂量甲砜霉素严重影响鱼类血液功能及正常的生理生化内环境，部分生化指标指示其对鲤肝脏和肾脏正常生理功能造成了一定的压力，从而危害鱼类健康。因而，在养殖过程中进行病害防治时，应严格按照TAP的科学用药规程，谨防过度用药和延长用药疗程，以免对鱼体造成损伤。%This selection of the main species of freshwater farmed carp fish as experimental animals , the use of oral irrigation methods to study the toxic effects of different doses of thiamphenicol on Matsuura mirror carp spleen ,designed to TAP reasonable in carp breeding process standardize medication provides scientific theory.The trial was conducted in songpu mirror carp with different doses of oral thiamphenicol of 0,50,150 and 250 mg/kg,respectively for 15 days.The blood samples of songpu mirror carp were taken 24 h after the o-ral medication.Part of the blood was for observation of blood cells ,the rest was for collection of serum .The fif-teen indicators of serum were determined .The results showed that the blood cell numbers in the groups of 150 and 250 mg/kg were smaller than that of the control group .With the increase of drug dose ,the blood cell num-bers firstly increased and then decreased .In addition,the nuclei abnormal rate and dyskaryosis in erythrocytes rose with the increase of drug dose .The nuclei abnormal rate changed a lot .The results showed that total protein (TP),albumin (ALB),glucose (GLU),chloride (Cl),sodium (Na),potassium (K),calcium (Ca),phos-phorus (P),total bilirubin (TBIL),alkaline phosphatase (AKP),creatinine (Scr),alanine aminotransferase ( ALT) ,aspartate aminotransferase ( AST ) , total cholesterol ( TCH ) of experimental group were significant differences.So it can be summarized that high dose of thiamphenicol affected function of normal blood and physiological and biochemical environment ,and some biochemical indicators indicate that it could cause a cer-tain degree of pressure on the normal physiological function of the liver and kidney in songpu mirror carp ,im-pairing the health of fish .Thus,in the disease control period ,TAP should be strictly used in accordance with the rules of scientific medication .Over-medication and prolonged drug treatment should be avoided ,so as not to cause damage to the fish .
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