为了探明不同地膜覆盖对早地冬小麦土壤水分及其利用效率的影响,选用普通地膜、生物降解膜以及液体地膜在陕西渭北旱塬旱作农田进行周年覆盖集雨栽培定位试验,研究了不同地膜周年覆盖对冬小麦不同生育时期土壤水分总贮量和不同土壤深度水分动态变化及其利用效率的影响.结果表明、周年覆盖地膜可提高土壤含水量,有利于土壤水库的扩蓄增容,并且能显著提高冬小麦的产量和水分利用效率.普通地膜和生物降解膜覆盖处理在冬小麦不同生育期对0～200 cm的土壤贮水量有显著的提高作用,与液体地膜和不覆盖平播处理(CK)比较,差异显著(P<0.05);不同地膜周年覆盖处理的土壤水分空间变化规律相同,普通地膜和生物降解膜覆盖处理可有效提高土壤含水量,但液体地膜的集雨作用不明显;此外,普通地膜和生物降解膜两年的平均产量较对照(CK)分别提高了38.01%和36.28%,水分利用效率分别比对照提高19.85%、16.85%,且呈显著性差异(P<0.05).可见,周年覆盖生物降解膜与普通地膜具有良好的蓄水保墒效果,可以提高冬小麦产量.%With the purpose of investigating the dynamic effects of different kinds of plastic-film mulching on soil moisture and water use efficiency of winter wheat, plastic film, biodegradable film and liquid film were selected to conduct a locating experiment of rainfall harvesting in the whole growth period in Weibei dryland of Shaanxi. The results indicated that plastic-film mulching can increase the soil moisture, crop yield and water use efficiency, and it can also improve soil water storage. Treated with plastic film and biodegradable film covering, the moisture storage of 0 ～ 200 cm soil increased during full period of experiment, which showed a significant difference ( P ＜ 0.05) compared with the liquid film covering treatment and no covering treatment (CK); treated with plastic film and biodegradable film covering can observably increase the soil miosture, but the effect of liquid film is instable; besides, treated with plastic film andbiodegradable film covering, the crop yield of winter wheat increased respectively by 38.01 ％ and 36.28％, and meanwhile, the water use efficiency increased by 19.85％ and 16.85％ (P ＜0.05). Therefore, plastic film utilization can improve crop yield and increase water storage.
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