In the past few years,the development of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (perovskite solar cells)grew rapidly,the power-conversion efficiency(PCE)in small area devices had been increased from 3.8% to 22.1%. Herein,the advantages and disadvantages of the perovskite solar cells in terms of physicochemical properties,structures,and the preparation methods of perovskite films are reviewed thoroughly in this paper. At first,the developments of perovskite solar cells and the structural evolution of the mainstream devices were briefly introduced,emphatically described the fabrication methods of the light-absorbing layer perovskite films,which were prepared by one-step spin-coating processing,two-step sequential deposition( in situ dipping method and two-step spin-coating deposition),and dual-source vapor deposition. Then,the key factors of the perovskite film formation and the micro-topography control technology were introduced and discussed,especially focused on the effects of growth of large crystals adjusted by solvents,compositions of precursors, mixed lead salts,additives,and coarsening of crystal growth on the efficiency of the perovskite solar cells. Finally, existing problems and future work were summarized, which includes precisely controlling the chemical composition of perovskite film,overcoming reproducibility issues and increase product yield,understanding perovskite crystallization process and work mechanism of device,preparing large-area perovskite thin films and perovskite solar modules,improving the long-term stability of the device,and developing environmentally friendly lead-free or lead-less perovskite solar cells.%有机-无机杂化钙钛矿(简称钙钛矿)太阳能电池在近年取得了重大突破,实验室小面积器件的光电转换效率从最初2009年的3.8% 提升至现今的22.1%.本文从钙钛矿材料的物化性能、钙钛矿太阳能电池的结构、钙钛矿薄膜的制备方法等方面全面分析了钙钛矿太阳能电池的优势和不足.首先简要回顾了钙钛矿太阳能电池问世以来几个重要发展历程和主流电池器件结构的演变,着重讨论了吸光层钙钛矿薄膜的制备方法,包括一步溶液法、分步旋涂-浸渍法、两步旋涂法、气相沉积法,分析了影响钙钛矿成膜的关键因素、微观形貌控制的工艺技术,对溶剂的选择、溶质成分的调控(包括铅源、各类添加剂的选择)以及钙钛矿结晶的粗化做了详细探讨.指出今后的工作重点在于如何精确控制钙钛矿薄膜的化学成分,提高可重复性和良品率;加强器件工作机理、成膜机理的研究;着眼于大面积器件的制备;提高器件的稳定性及开发环境友好型无铅或少铅电池.
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