Inverse microemulsion polymerization method with good stability,high solid content,and high polymerization rate has become research highlights. Research on the microspheres of acrylamide copolymers madevia inverse microemulsion polymerization both at home and abroad was reviewed. Basic concepts and characteristics of microemulsion were introduced; and the preparation of a stable microemulsion was discussed. Inverse microemulsion polymerization of acrylamides was mainly summarized,the selection of each component of polymerization system was described in detail,and the influencing factors of polymerization were discussed,which can be concluded that new surfactants should be studied in order to realize high concentration in monomer polymerization. The applications of polymer microspheres for improving recovery efficiency in oilfield were introduced. Application problems in deep profile control/water shutoff were stated. To prepare polymer microspheres with the comprehensive performance of intelligence,compound,versatility by replacing the traditional polymerization system components with ionic liquids should be one of focuses in the future.%反相微乳液聚合技术具有稳定性好、固含量高、聚合速率快等优点而成为研究热点。本文系统地综述了近年来国内外应用反相微乳液聚合制备丙烯酰胺类聚合物微球的研究进展，概述了微乳液的基本理论及其特征，对稳定微乳液的制备进行了讨论；着重归纳了丙烯酰胺类的反相微乳液聚合，详述了聚合体系各组分的选择，同时探讨了影响聚合反应的因素，认为应研究新型表面活性剂以实现高单体浓度的聚合；介绍了聚合物微球在油田应用中提高采收率方面的应用现状。最后指出了其在深部调剖堵水领域存在的问题，以离子液体代替传统聚合体系组分制备集智能性、复合性、多功能性等综合性能于一体的聚合物微球是其未来发展方向之一。
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