microRNAs (miRNA) are small endogenous non-coding RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides that play a crucial role in the post-transcriptional gene regulation. miRNAs are enriched in the brain, where they can contribute significantly to the development, survival of neurons, meanwhile they might be important mediators of neural functions, such as synaptic plasticity. This review discusses the regulation of miRNAs in synaptic plasticity.%microRNA(miRNA)是一种内源性的,长度<为22 nt的非编码小分子RNA，对基因的转录后调控具有重要作用。miRNAs在脑中大量表达，对神经元的生长发育起关键作用，同时miRNAs还参与神经功能的实施,如突触可塑性。本文将重点讨论miRNAs对神经突触可塑性的调节作用。
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