Objective To compare the influence of microscopic ultrasonic technique and irrigation with chemical drugs on the cleanliness of root canal. Methods 40 premolar teeth with a single root canal from May 2012 to May 2014 were selected and randomly divided into the control group and the experiment group,20 cases in each group.The control group was given the simple chemical drug irrigation,the experiment group was given the ultrasonic irrigation.The clean-liness condition of related smear layer in two groups was compared. Results There was no significant difference in the cleaning effect of the smear layer in the 1/3 root canal wall of the crown part between two groups (P>0.05).The propor-tion of grade 2 of the cleaning effect of the smear layer in the central 1/3 root canal wall in the experiment group was higher than that in the control group,with significant difference (P<0.05).The proportion of grade 2,3 of the cleaning ef-fect of the smear layer in the 1/3 root canal tip wall in the experiment group was higher than that in the control group, with significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion The cleaning effect of ultrasonic irrigation is better than that of simple root canal irrigation with chemical drugs,it is worthy of clinical promotion and application.%目的：比较显微超声技术与化学药物冲洗对根管清洁度的影响。方法选取2012年5月~2014年5月本院收集的40颗单根管前磨牙作为研究对象，随机分为对照组与实验组，各20例。对照组采用单纯性化学药物冲洗，实验组采用超声荡洗法冲洗。比较两组相应玷污层的清洁状况。结果两组根管冠1/3根管壁玷污层的清洁效果比较，差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。实验组根管中1/3根管壁玷污层的2级清洁效果所占比例显著高于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组根管尖1/3根管壁玷污层的2、3级清洁效果所占比例显著高于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论显微超声技术根管清洁效果优于常规药物冲洗，值得临床推广应用。
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