Objective To analyze the uncertainty of formaldehyde content in aquatic product by High Performance Liquid phase Chro-matography ( HPLC ) , and to evaluate the accuracy of results and improve the quality control level. Methods According to the Uncertain-ty Evaluation of Chemical Analysis and Measuring and the requirements of technical specification, a calculation formula was established according to the determination process, the individual component of uncertainty was evaluated, and then the combined uncertainty and extended uncertainty were calculated. Results The formaldehyde content in the aquatic product was (4. 16 ± 0. 13)mg/kg. The uncer-tainty was mainly due to the preparation of standard solution, followed by the measurement repeatability, the sample treatment and the calibration curve fitting. The uncertainty caused in weighing and constant volume process could be ignored. Conclusion This method of uncertainty evaluation conforms to the standard requirements. It can be used for the determination of formaldehyde in aquatic products by HPLC and can improve the supervision level.%目的：分析评定高效液相色谱法测定水产品中甲醛含量的测量不确定度，评价该方法检测结果的准确性，提高检测的质量评价与质量控制水平。方法按照《化学分析测量不确定度评定》技术规范的要求，根据测定过程，建立数学模型，对各个不确定度分量进行评估，再计算合成不确定度和扩展不确定度。结果水产品中甲醛含量为（4.16±0.13）mg/kg。测量结果不确定度主要是由标准溶液配制引起，其次是由测量重复性、样品处理和标准曲线拟合引起，而样品称量和样品定容引起的不确定度可忽略。结论该方法建立的不确定度评定方法符合规范要求，可用于高效液相色谱法测定水产品中甲醛含量的不确定度分析，可提高水产品的质量监管水平。
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