通过对我国在第27～30届夏季奥运会334名获得奖牌运动员的成才过程进行分析，研究我国奥运会优秀运动员成才规律的项群特征。从时间变化特征来看，我国奥运会优秀参赛运动员的成才年龄普遍提前，男子业余训练年限、女子体能类项目地方队训练年限、技能类项目国家队奥运前训练阶段年限显著延长。从时间结构特征来看可分为两类，类型一包括表现难美性项群等项目项群，表现为运动员成才历时较长，各阶段比例相对均衡；类型二包括同场对抗性项群等项目项群，表现为运动员成才历时较短，各阶段比例呈上升态势。从转项特征来看，总体转项成才率为21．1％，且女子项目高于男子；转项成才的主要方式为大类间转项和同群间转项，其中，大类间转项的曾训项目多为田径、游泳等体能主导类项目。%Based on the analysis of the course of 334 athletes becoming elitist who won medals in the 27th-30th summer Olympic Games ,this paper reaches the event group characteristics for our Chinese excellent athletes to become elitist .From the perspective of time change char-acteristic ,the ages for our Chinese excellent athletes to become elitist have generally become lower ,and the number of the years of men’ s amateur training ,the number of the training years of a local team as regards women’s physical ability sports events and the number of the training years before Olympic Games of a national team as regards skill events in sports have been significantly extended .From the perspective of time structure characteristic ,two catego-ries are proposed :category 1 comprises event groups including events like those with difficult and beautiful skills and the category is characterized by a long period of time for athletes to be-come elitist and a relative balanced proportion of each stage ;category 2 comprises event groups including events like those of antagonism on the same ground and the category is characterized by a short period of time for athletes to become elitist and an increasing tendency of the pro-portion of each stage .From the perspective of event transference characteristic ,the whole ratio of transferring events and becoming elitist is 21 .1% and women’ s events are higher than men’s .Major means of transferring events and becoming elitist are a transference between broad categories and one within the same group ,and in terms of a transference between broad categories ,the events used to be trained in are mainly physical ability dominated events such as track and field events ,swimming event and so on .
展开▼
