Individualized radiotherapy is the ideal model of radiation therapy, based on tailoring the treatment in a large num-ber of individual clinical, pathological and molecular genetic level. Two key problems exist in the implementation of individualized ra-diotherapy, one is how to identify and individually delineate the target volume of esophageal carcinoma, and the other is how to individ-ually implement the precise exposure. Due to technological advances and the renovation of equipment in radiotherapy for esophageal car-cinoma, the individualized implementation of the precise exposure has become possible. In recent years, with the advent of functional imaging, molecular imaging and other new technologies, it points out the future research direction of individualized tumor target volume delineation. This article reviewed the definition of the target volume in the individual radiotherapy of non-surgical esophageal carcinoma, which involves the application of new technologies such as anatomical imaging, functional imaging, hypoxia, molecular im-aging to individually identify and delineat the tumor target volume, including gross tumor volume, clinical tumor volume, planning tar-get volume, biological target volume and etc.%个体化放疗的实施取决于两个关键环节，首先是靶区的个体化识别和勾画，另一个是射线的个体化施照。由于放疗设备的更新和精确放疗技术的快速发展，实现射线个体化的精确施照成为可能。近年来，随着功能影像和分子显像等新技术的出现，指明了肿瘤个体化放疗靶区勾画的研究方向。本文对非手术食管癌患者个体化放疗的靶区勾画进行综述，内容涉及应用解剖影像、功能影像、乏氧和分子显像等新技术个体化识别和勾画非手术食管癌的放疗靶区，包括大体肿瘤靶区、临床靶区、计划靶区、生物靶区等。
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