目的：基于城乡社区独居老人的社会支持情况，探索适合独居老人的社区养老服务。方法2011年3—4月，选取十堰市城市独居老人64例，襄阳市谷城县五山镇3个行政村农村独居老人66例，采用《老年健康状况MDS（ Minimum Data Set）和相关因素调查量表》进行调查分析，内容包括一般情况、慢性病患病情况、社会支持情况、兴趣爱好及活动情况。结果城乡社区独居老人慢性病的患病率分别为62.5％（40/64）、42.4％（28/66）；在最近亲人距离、健在兄弟姐妹距离、与亲人联系、与社区朋友联系、与邻居联系及获得帮助上差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.05），城市独居老人较农村有更多人获得帮助，但城乡独居老人都能与父母和邻居融洽相处；在业余爱好、打牌、打麻将、下棋、体育锻炼、经常散步上差异亦有统计学意义（ P﹤0.05），城市老人活动项目多样，农村较单一。结论通过兴趣爱好丰富社区活动，可以增加社区独居老人的社会支持，对于推进社区养老服务有指导意义。%Objective To Investigate social support for solitary elderly people in urban and rural communities and explore community service suitable for solitary elderly people. Methods We enrolled 64 solitary elderly people from the urban area of Shiyan and 66 solitary elderly people from 3 administrative villages in Wushan Town,Gucheng County of Xiangyang. A questionnaire about health status in elderly people( Minimum Data Set)and relevant factors was used,which covered general condition,chronic disease,social support,hobbies and interests and community activities. Results Prevalence of chronic disease in subjects was 62. 5%(40/64)in urban area and 42. 4%(28/66) in rural area. The subjects in urban area and in rural area were significantly different in distance from relatives,distance from alive siblings,contact with relatives,contact with friends in community and relation with neighbors and assistance received(P﹤0. 05). The subjects in urban area received help from more people;the subjects in rural area all had a harmonious relation with parents and neighbors. Significant differences existed in hobbies and interests, playing cards, playing mahjong, playing chess, physical exercise, and regular walking between urban and rural areas ( P ﹤ 0. 05 ) . Urban area had more diversified activities for elderly people than rural area. Conclusion Development of more hobbies and interests and more diversified community activities can increase social support for solitary elderly people in community,which can serve as a reference for the promotion of community service for elderly people.
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