Ischemic stroke in people aged between 18 and 45 is defined as young ischemic stroke. The etiology of young ischemic stroke can be divided into 5 categories according to the TOAST classification. The large artery atherosclerosis and small vessel disease are the traditional etiology subtypes,in addition,cardiogenic stroke and ischemic stroke of unknown cause account for about 1 / 2 of the etiology. Standardized diagnosis process may contribute to proper diagnosis,and can reduce the proportion of cryptogenic stroke,thus may be beneficial to the targeted therapy. To confirm the diagnosis,it is essential to distinguish the definition,diagnostic criteria of cardiogenic stroke/ cryptogenic stroke/ unexplained thromboembolic stroke( ESUS) / young ischemic stroke and their mutual relationship. The epidemiology,etiology subtypes and screening of young ischemic stroke are reviewed in the paper.%青年缺血性脑卒中指18~45岁者发生的缺血性脑卒中，其病因依据 TOAST 分型通常可分为5大类，除传统的大动脉粥样硬化型、小血管病型等病因外，心源性及病因未明约占1/2。规范化诊断流程有助于明确诊断，降低隐源性脑卒中的比例，有益于针对性治疗。要明确诊断，需明确心源性脑卒中/隐源性脑卒中/原因不明的栓塞性脑卒中（ESUS）/青年缺血性脑卒中等的定义、诊断标准及相互关系。同时，本文对青年缺血性脑卒中的流行病学、病因分型、筛查的现状进行综述。
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