目的 调查本地区中老年居民的健康行为指数(HPI)与健康状况,以期为当地政府进行健康管理服务提供一些参考依据.方法 以大连市两社区为调查基地.通过随机抽样法抽取两社区35岁以上居民600人,由居委会成员协助发放问卷进行调查.调查内容包括一般状况、Breslow的7项行为习惯以及健康行为指数、慢性病发病率、健康状况自我评价、心理健康状况等.结果 有效回收问卷518份,有效回收率为86.3%.其中男294人(56.8%),女224人(43.2%).16.2%的人群超重,其中男性超重率达20.8%.吸烟、饮酒、不按时吃早餐等不良习惯率均为男性高于女性.60岁以上人群的健康行为指数得分最高,为(4.317±1.213)分,与40～49岁年龄组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).健康行为指数4分以上的男性为62.9%,女性为83.0%,女性较男性具有健康行为,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).20.7%的人患有高血压,男性多于女性.有50.3%的人存在不同程度的心理问题,以肥胖人群为多,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 中年男性居民生活行为较为不健康,健康状况较女性差.应重点加强对中年男性居民的健康教育管理.%Objective To investigate the health practice index and health status among the middle - aged and elderly residents in Dalian city, China, in order to provide a good evidence for local government to improve health management services. Methods A population - based prospective study was conducted in Taoyuan and Fujiazhuang communities in Dalian, Liaoning province. Six hundred city residents aged 35 years and over were randomly selected. Self - administered questionnaires were distributed and collected via home visiting. The questionnaires consisted of items on general conditions, Breslow' s seven health practices, and health practices index ( HPI ), prevalence of chronic disease, self assessment of health status and mental health. Results The number of valid response questionnaires was 518 ( returned rate of 86.3% ), among which 294 were male ( 56. 8% ) and 224 were female ( 43. 2% ). The overall percentage of people with BMI ≥25 was 16. 2% , with more males ( 20. 8% ). And males had higher percentage than females in such un -healthy practices as smoking, alcohol drinking, and irregular breakfast. People over 60 year old had higher HPI ( 4. 317 ± 1. 213 ), being significantly different from the HPI that people ranged in 40 -49 ( P <0. 01 ). The HPI more than 4 was found in 62. 9% of the males and 83. 0% of females ( P <0. 01 ). Some 20. 7% had hypertension, and males had higher percentage than females. Some 50. 3% had psychological problems in a certain degree, with more percentage for obese population ( P <0. 01 ). Conclusion The middle - aged male residents generally have less healthy health practice, and their health status is poorer than female residents. Health education and management should focus on middle - aged male residents.
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