The urbanization progress in China is characterized by mass population migration from rural regions to developed cities, which poses great challenges to rural regions. Problems of population loss, idle cultivated land, and vacant housing have seriously impeded the development of rural economy. In the context of National New -style Urbanization Plan, a more efficient and sustainable mode of rural settlements distribution is necessary. Taking two towns from Chongqing as an example, this paper proposed an approach to optimize rural residential land distri-bution from four steps. First, the layout characteristics of rural residential land were analyzed using landscape pat-tern indexes and spatial analysis tools in GIS. Next, an evaluation system for rural residential land distribution in Southwest China was constructed, which was a micro level two-stage evaluation system consisting of restriction e-valuation and suitability evaluation. Restriction evaluation indexes mainly referred to the construction and environ-mental factors, including geologic hazard risk, slope, distance to reservation area and distance to industrial and mining area, while suitability evaluation indexes included topographical, economic, population, internal and exter-nal transportation, and policy factors. Third,based on the forecast of rural population growth in the near future, dif-ferent weights were applied to the evaluation of two towns. For principle of equity, it emphasized the accessibility to public facilities, more weights were given to the population and transportation factor;For principle of efficiency, it emphasized maximization of social output through better allocation of resources, more weights were given to topo-graphical, economic and policy factor. According to the evaluation results, the rural residential lands were classi-fied into three categories:developing, remaining and relocating. Finally, taking developing residential land as the rural poles, itfigured out the influencing area of each pole using the method of Weighted Voronoi diagram. This dia-gram suggested the direction for rural settlement was to relocate and develop. The two example towns in this study had different characteristics. The land was generally flatter, but the level of water and public facility was still low in Chongkan, while the distribution of rural residential land was scattered, but the infrastructure level was high in Shi-long. After the optimization of the layout, Chongkan had 222 developing settlements with 0. 813 km2 rural residen-tial land;Shilong had 416 developing settlements with 0. 301 km2 rural residential land. This research could con-tribute to the technical basis for town planning as well as New-style urbanization plan, and provide an approach to adjust the rural residential land in Southwest China under the circumstance of reducing rural population.%中国的城市化进程伴随着农村人口向城市大量转移,使得乡村普遍面临人口流失、 耕地撂荒及居民点闲置等问题,严重限制农村地区的经济发展,影响基础设施与公共服务设施的配置效率.优化农村居民点布局,实现资源的集约节约利用是国家新型城镇化规划的重要内容.文章以重庆市潼南县崇龛镇与巴南区石龙镇为例,探讨西南地区农村居民点空间布局优化的科学方法.首先,结合西南地区特有的自然人文条件,运用GIS空间分析技术与景观格局指数分析居民点分布特征;然后,构建包括限制性评价与适宜性评价两个阶段的西南地区居民点综合评价体系;基于对未来乡村发展趋势的判断,依据公平与效率原则,将现有居民点划分为发展型、 保留型及迁并型等3类;在此基础上,运用加权Voronoi图确定重点发展型居民点的增长极引力范围,明确迁并型居民点与保留型居民点的发展方向,最终确定农村居民点布局的优化方案.经过优化,崇龛镇基于效率原则确定出222个重点发展型居民点,节约农村居民点用地0.813km2;石龙镇基于公平原则整理出416个重点发展型居民点,节约农村居民点用地0.301km2.研究能为2个示范镇农村居民点的规划优化提供科学依据,也为西南地区开展新型城镇化规划提供参考.
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