Microbial drugs are secondary metabolites with diverse structures and bioactivities. In recent years, considerable genomes of the drug-producing microorganisms have been completely sequenced. Subsequently, functional genomic studies have been performed, which shed new lights on anibiotic biosynthesis, morphological differentiation, regulation, phylogeny and evolution, and genome mining of secondary metabolism. Herein, functional genomics for four important antibiotic producers is discussed, focusing on the genetic basis for penicillin overproduction, genomic and transcriptomic analysis of erythromycin-producing Saccharopolyspora erythraea, A-factor regulatory networks of streptomycin-producing Streptomyces griseus, construction of surrogate host for the heterologous expression of secondary metabolites and high-yielding strain of Streptomyces avermitilis, and genome mining for novel natural products. Moreover, current status on genomics of drug-producing microorganisms in China is summarized, and the perspective of genomic studies is predicted at both the basic research and the applied science aspects.%微生物药物是一类化学结构和生物活性多样的次级代谢产物,近年来其多个产生菌基因组序列已经被测定完成,在此基础上开展的功能基因组研究方兴未艾,并在抗生素生物合成、形态分化、调控、系统发育与进化以及次级代谢产物挖掘等方面有着新的发现,展现出广阔的研究前景.本文重点阐述了四种重要抗生素产生菌功能基因组学的研究现状,集中于青霉素高产的遗传机制、红霉素产生菌红色糖多孢菌基因组与转录组分析、链霉素产生菌灰色链霉菌中A因子调控网络、阿维菌素产生菌作为次级代谢物异源表达的通用宿主与超高产菌株构建以及新型天然产物的挖掘等研究内容,同时简要介绍了当前我国微生物药物产生菌基因组学的研究概况,并从基础与应用两个角度对其未来发展趋势进行了展望.
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