Objective:To investigate the normative application and clinical efficacy of antibiotics in the perioperative period of cesarean delivery .Methods :Application of antibiotics in 300 parturient women during the perioperative period of cesarean delivery in the Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai ,Fudan University from Jan 2008 to Jan 2013 was retrospectively analyzed . The application rationality of antibiotics in the perioperative period of cesarean delivery was analyzed after strict management . According to the different admission time and the dosage of antibiotics ,300 parturient women were divided into Group A , Group B and Group C .Patients in Group A (Jan ,2008-May ,2010)were given three days of perioperative cefazolin sodium 2 .0 g ,2 times a day ;patients in Group B(June ,2010-Dec ,2011) were given three days of perioperative cefazolin sodium 1 . 5g ,2 times a day ;patients in Group C(Jan ,2012-Jan ,2013)were given single dose of intraoperative cefazolin sodium 1 .5 g . There were 100 patients in each group .The incision infection rate ,puerperalism rate and percentage of patients with postopera-tive hospitalization more than 7 days in the three groups were comparatively analyzed .Results:The incision infection rates of Group A ,Group B and Group C were 1% ,1% and 0 ,respectively ,and there was no significant difference among the three groups (P>0 .05) .Puerperalism rates of Group A ,Group B and Group C were 8% ,7% and 8% ,respectively ,and there was no significant difference among the three groups (P>0 .05) .The percentages of patients with postoperative hospitalization of more than 7 days were 3% ,2% and 2% ,respectively ,and there was no significant difference among the three groups (P>0 .05) .Conclusions :Single low dose(1 .5g) of cefazolin sodium after delivery don’t increase the rate of perioperative infection in cesarean delivery .%目的：探讨剖宫产患者围手术期抗生素的应用对策。方法：回顾分析2008年1月-2013年1月在复旦大学附属上海市第五人民医院行剖宫产的300例产妇围手术期应用抗生素的情况，分析严格规范应用抗生素后剖宫产围手术期应用抗生素的合理性。根据入院时间及抗生素用药剂量的不同，将300例产妇分为A、B、C 3组，A组（2008年1月-2010年5月）：围手术期应用3 d头孢唑啉钠（2．0 g ），每日2次；B组（2010年6月-2011年12月）：围手术期应用3 d头孢唑啉钠（1．5 g ），每日2次；C组（2012年1月-2013年1月）：术中单次应用头孢唑啉钠1．5 g ；每组各100例。比较3组切口感染率、产褥病率及术后住院时间超过7 d患者所占比例。结果：A、B、C组切口感染率分别为1％、1％、0，差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）；产褥病率分别为8％、7％、8％，差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）；术后住院时间超过7 d的患者分别占3％、2％、2％，差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论：剖宫产术中胎儿娩出后单次应用低剂量（1．5 g）头孢唑啉钠并不增加剖宫产围手术期感染的发生率。
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